{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T12:03:37Z","timestamp":1781697817024,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1IK6BX003610\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1IK6BX003610\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01BX002188\u201003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01BX002188\u201003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) improves quality of life of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a disorder characterized by chronic visceral pain and abnormal bowel habits. Whether CBT can actually improve visceral pain in IBS patients is still unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether environment enrichment (EE), the animal analog of CBT, can prevent stress\u2010induced viscero\u2010somatic hypersensitivity through changes in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling within the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rats were housed in either standard housing (SH) or EE for 7\u00a0days before and during daily water avoidance stress (WAS) exposure (1\u2010h\/d for 7\u00a0days). In the first cohort, visceral and somatic sensitivity were assessed via visceromotor response to colorectal distention and von Frey Anesthesiometer 24\u00a0hous and 21\u00a0days after WAS. In another cohort, the CeA was isolated for GR mRNA quantification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Environment enrichment for 7\u00a0days before and during the 7\u00a0days of WAS persistently attenuated visceral and somatic hypersensitivity when compared to rats placed in SH. Environment enrichment exposure also prevented the WAS\u2010induced decrease in GR expression in the CeA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pre\u2010exposure to short\u2010term EE prevents the stress\u2010induced downregulation of GR, and inhibits visceral and somatic hypersensitivity induced by chronic stress. These results suggest that a positive environment can ameliorate stress\u2010induced pathology and provide a non\u2010pharmacological therapeutic option for disorders such as IBS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T19:35:30Z","timestamp":1582313730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Environmental enrichment prevents chronic stress\u2010induced brain\u2010gut axis dysfunction through a GR\u2010mediated mechanism in the central nucleus of the amygdala"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1877-9548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Orock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City 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