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However, the role of the gut microbiota, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram\u2010positive bacteria and short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the development of diabetic enteric neuropathy and intestinal dysmotility is not well understood. Our aim was to examine the role of the gut microbiota, LTA and SCFAs in the development of diabetic enteric neuropathy and intestinal dysmotility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We fed germ\u2010free (GF) and conventionally raised (CR) mice either a high\u2010fat (HFD) or standard chow diet (SCD) for 8\u00a0weeks. We analyzed the microbial community composition in CR mice using 16S rRNA sequencing and damage to myenteric neurons using immunohistochemistry. We also studied the effects of LPS, LTA, and SCFAs on duodenal muscularis externa contractions and myenteric neurons using cultured preparations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010fat diet ingestion reduced the total number and the number of nitrergic myenteric neurons per ganglion in the duodenum of CR but not in GF\u2010HFD mice. GF mice had fewer neurons per ganglion compared with CR mice. CR mice fed a HFD had increased abundance of Gram\u2010positive bacteria. LTA and LPS did not affect the frequency of duodenal muscularis contractions after 24\u00a0hours of cultured but reduced the density of nitrergic myenteric neurons and increased oxidative stress and TNF\u03b1 production in myenteric ganglia. SCFAs did not affect muscularis contractions or injure myenteric neurons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gut microbial alterations induced increase in Gram\u2010positive bacterial LTA may contribute to enteric neuropathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T16:34:29Z","timestamp":1584117269000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["High\u2010fat diet\u2013induced alterations to gut microbiota and gut\u2010derived lipoteichoic acid contributes to the development of enteric neuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Nyavor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Idaho Moscow ID USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine 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