{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:00:49Z","timestamp":1791475249995,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006377","name":"Purdue University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an emerging bioelectronic therapy for regulating food intake and controlling gastric motility. However, the effects of different VNS parameters and polarity on postprandial gastric motility remain incompletely characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In anesthetized rats (N\u00a0=\u00a03), we applied monophasic electrical stimuli to the left cervical vagus and recorded compound nerve action potential (CNAP) as a measure of nerve response. We evaluated to what extent afferent or efferent pathway could be selectively activated by monophasic VNS. In a different group of rats (N\u00a0=\u00a013), we fed each rat a gadolinium\u2010labeled meal and scanned the rat stomach with oral contrast\u2010enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while the rat was anesthetized. We evaluated the antral and pyloric motility as a function of pulse amplitude (0.13, 0.25, 0.5, 1\u00a0mA), width (0.13, 0.25, 0.5\u00a0ms), frequency (5, 10\u00a0Hz), and polarity of VNS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Monophasic VNS activated efferent and afferent pathways with about 67% and 82% selectivity, respectively. Primarily afferent VNS increased antral motility across a wide range of parameters. Primarily efferent VNS induced a significant decrease in antral motility as the stimulus intensity increased (\n                      <jats:italic>R\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0\u2212.93,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05 for 5\u00a0Hz,\n                      <jats:italic>R\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a0\u2212.85,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05 for 10\u00a0Hz). The VNS with either polarity tended to promote pyloric motility to a greater extent given increasing stimulus intensity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Monophasic VNS biased toward the afferent pathway is potentially more effective for facilitating occlusive contractions than that biased toward the efferent pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T20:09:25Z","timestamp":1586981365000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Acute effects of vagus nerve stimulation parameters on gastric motility assessed with magnetic resonance imaging"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0355-8515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun\u2010Han","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA"},{"name":"Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayue","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6689-7058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terry L.","family":"Powley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8773-4204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"},{"name":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1991.260.1.R200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00249.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00030.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12760"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00198950"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903190206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1964.tb03972.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1965.tb04074.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013248"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2982.2002.00369.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.43.12.1083"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of gastric emptying and motility in rats","volume":"64","author":"Lu K\u2010H","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020680"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1925.71.2.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(78)90240-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02594.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"B fibers are the best predictors of cardiac activity during Vagus nerve stimulation","volume":"4","author":"Wasilczuk KM","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioelectron Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(73)90015-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301396"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(92)90241-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"G558","article-title":"Vagal control of pyloric resistance","volume":"269","author":"Malbert CH","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Liver Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1988.sp017149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23892"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2013.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-0702(00)00215-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.68.040504.094635"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-1-00801.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900517"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1996.tb00698.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(87)90140-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(88)90090-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200506109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine: a novel sedative\u2010analgesic agent","volume":"75246","author":"Gertler R","year":"1999","journal-title":"Baylor Univ Med Center Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12410"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2004.12.028"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fnmo.13853","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.13853","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nmo.13853","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.13853","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T06:36:11Z","timestamp":1693895771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nmo.13853"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nmo.13853"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.13853","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/650234","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1350-1925","1365-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-1925","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-05-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13853"}}