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However, there are limited data on JE and this entity remains misunderstood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a systematic review of clinical series on JE through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Data from included studies were then extracted, and random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010eight studies met inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of JE was 1.97% [95% CI: 1.39%\u20102.78%] among patients referred for high\u2010resolution manometry (HRM). The mean age at diagnosis was 60.8\u00a0years [95% CI: 57.1\u201064.4] and 65% [95% CI: 58%\u201072%] of patients were female. JE was significantly more prevalent in postlung transplant patients and morbidly obese patients undergoing HRM (23.99% [95% CI: 9.00%\u201038.97%] and 5.18% [95% CI: 1.76%\u201014.3%] respectively). Dysphagia was the most common presentation of JE (64% [95% CI: 52%\u201077%]) followed by gastroesophageal reflux disease (46% [95% CI: 26%\u201067%]). The pooled mean distal contractile integral (DCI) of all standard HRM swallows was 9249\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg\u00b7s\u00b7cm [95% CI: 7834\u201010\u00a0663], and the pooled mean integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) was 13.9\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg [95% CI: 8.2\u201019.7]. Overall, 73.6% [95% CI: 64.0%\u201083.1%] of JE patients who underwent treatment achieved clinical symptom improvement (79% [95% CI: 74%\u201085%] for endoscopic treatment and 63% [95% CI: 47%\u201079%] for medical treatment). The pooled clinical success rate of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) specifically was 82% [95% CI: 75%\u201090%].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>JE is a new motility disorder most commonly presenting with dysphagia. High clinical suspicion is important because the diagnosis can only be made through HRM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T10:49:54Z","timestamp":1589453394000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Jackhammer esophagus: A meta\u2010analysis of patient demographics, disease presentation, high\u2010resolution manometry data, and treatment outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0634-6219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Wahba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM) Montr\u00e9al QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mickael","family":"Bouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM) Montr\u00e9al QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01072186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(79)90008-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-110-1-66"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01311.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200607000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.1.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01834.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Meta: an R package for meta\u2010analysis","volume":"7","author":"Schwarzer G","year":"2007","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"Practical Meta\u2010Analysis","author":"Lipsey MW","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-201410002-00072"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S\u2010743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(18)32581-2","article-title":"High resolution esophageal manometry with a solid test meal improves diagnostic yield for esophageal dysmotility and symptom reproducibility: validation study in Asians","volume":"154","author":"Ang D","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640618796752"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S\u2010999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)39449-1","article-title":"Esophageal hypervigilance and visceral anxiety are major contributors to dysphagia severity among patients undergoing evaluation with high\u2010resolution esophageal manometry","volume":"156","author":"Carlson D","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5036160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000496"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13276"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2016.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(17)31355-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"Zuluaga SernaC PuentesG PatarroyoO et alClinical and manometric characteristics of Hypercontractile Esophagus (Chicago 3.0) at a University Hospital in Bogota Colombia. 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