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In order to explore causal relationship between IBS and gut mycobiome, and use gut fungi to diagnose or even treat IBS, further characterization of it in IBS is required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty\u2010five diarrhea\u2010predominant IBS (D\u2010IBS) patients fulfilling Rome III criteria, and 16 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Fresh fecal samples were collected and used for 16s rRNA and ITS2 high\u2010throughput sequencing. Diversity and composition of gut bacteria and fungi, as well as bacterial\u2010fungal interactions in D\u2010IBS patients, were characterized. Specific fungal taxa differentiating D\u2010IBS from HC were recognized by LEfSe and RandomForest methods, and their association with clinical symptoms was assessed by Spearman's correlation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Diarrhea\u2010predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients showed abnormal (IBS\u2010dysbiosis) or normal (HC\u2010like IBS) fecal bacterial structure and diversity compared with healthy controls. However, fecal fungal signatures differed absolutely between D\u2010IBS and HC, which indicated a more susceptible alteration of gut fungi than bacteria in D\u2010IBS. Fecal fungi showed significant correlations with IBS symptoms, especially\n                      <jats:italic>Mycosphaerella<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Sporidiobolus,<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Pandora<\/jats:italic>\n                      which were identified to potentially differentiate D\u2010IBS from HC. Moreover, compared with HC there were markedly declined bacterial\u2010fungal interactions in D\u2010IBS, in which\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      changed from negative to positive correlations with bacteria, and\n                      <jats:italic>Eurotium<\/jats:italic>\n                      changed from positive correlations to irrelevance, while\n                      <jats:italic>Debaryomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                      gained negative correlations with bacteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gut fungal dysbiosis and altered bacterial\u2010fungal interactions were present in patients with D\u2010IBS, and gut fungi could be used to diagnose D\u2010IBS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T04:35:26Z","timestamp":1590381326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Gut fungal dysbiosis and altered bacterial\u2010fungal interaction in patients with diarrhea\u2010predominant irritable bowel syndrome: An explorative study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5271-7052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaichao","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of 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