{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:01:09Z","timestamp":1760101269252,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Motor abnormalities of pharyngeal contraction or upper esophageal sphincter (UES) relaxation can lead to swallowing problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed high\u2010resolution esophageal manometry of children \u226418\u00a0years and classified into two groups based on the results of videofluoroscopic study of swallow (VFSS), as normal or abnormal. The UES metrics (integrated relaxation pressure [IRP], resting pressure [URP], and nadir pressure [UNP]), as well as peak pharyngeal pressure (velopharyngeal and meso\u2010hypopharyngeal), were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>UES metrics:<\/jats:italic> There were 142 and 19 subjects in the normal and abnormal groups, respectively. In the normal group, the median UES\u2010IRP at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8\u00a0seconds, URP, and UNP were 1.0, 4.0, 11.0, 18.0, 53.5, and \u22121.0\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg while in the abnormal group were 10.0, 13.0, 21.0, 25.5, 47.0, and 8.0\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg. The UES\u2010IRP at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6\u00a0seconds, and UNP was significantly higher in the abnormal group.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Pharyngeal metrics:<\/jats:italic> We included 58 subjects in normal and 10 subjects in the abnormal group. The median of peak velopharyngeal and meso\u2010hypopharyngeal pressures were lower in the abnormal group; 188.50 vs 210.50, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.185 and 110.00 vs 144.75\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.065.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>The UES\u2010IRP was lower than adults, URP was higher than preterm but less than adults, and UNP was lower than neonates but similar to adults. The pharyngeal pressures were higher than those reported for neonates and adults. Our data indicate that motor dynamics of swallowing may change from neonates to adulthood and reflect a maturational process. The subjects with abnormal VFSS had significantly higher UES\u2010IRP and UNP compared to normal VFSS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T06:48:48Z","timestamp":1597301328000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter motor dynamics during swallow in children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1085-5953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alisara","family":"Damrongmanee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"El\u2010Chammas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaiyu","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Santucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Kaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2005.00706.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01763.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-015-0480-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2005.00662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm.2013.19.1.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-017-0552-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2009.02.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2358-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31817dfd02"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00081.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12314"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2273.1998.00100.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2017.41.5.776"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1999.277.4.G862"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00067.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13239"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2010.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-018-1573-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00447.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12914"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; 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