{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:15:17Z","timestamp":1790810117970,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> infection causes intestinal inflammation and diarrhea indicating possible intestinal motor dysfunction. Anatomical studies have shown alterations in the colonic myenteric plexus, but it is unknown whether this impacts motility and therefore whether motility is a target for treatment. We determined whether colonic coordinated movements are compromised by toxoplasmic infection and how it is associated with anatomical changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male Wistar rats were evaluated at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72\u00a0hours and 30\u00a0days postinfection (dpi) and controls. Infected rats received orally 5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> sporulated oocysts of strain ME\u201049 (genotype II) of <jats:italic>T\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic>. The colon was collected for anatomical analysis (including the myenteric plexus immunolabeled with HuC\/D, nNOS, and ChAT) and motility analysis in vitro (conventional manometry). Fecal output was measured daily.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At 12\u00a0hours postinfection, <jats:italic>T\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> caused hypertrophy of the muscularis externa layer of the distal colon. There was loss of total, nitrergic, and cholinergic myenteric neurons in the proximal colon at 30\u00a0day postinfection (dpi); however, only loss of cholinergic neurons was found in the distal colon. Contractile complexes in the middle and distal colon were longer in duration in infected animals, which was associated with slower migration of the colonic motor complex. However, gastrointestinal transit time and fecal pellet output remained unchanged during the <jats:italic>T\u00a0gondii<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> caused myenteric neuronal loss in the proximal and distal colon and altered the motility pattern in the middle and distal colon to a more propulsive phenotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T13:01:30Z","timestamp":1598619690000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> infection impairs the colonic motility of rats due to loss of myenteric neurons"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Camila Cristina Alves","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo da Silva","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana D\u2019Arc de Lima","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9ia Carla Eugenio","family":"Pupim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia Miyazaki","family":"Ortigoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heloisa Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Bergoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz de Souza Lima","family":"Nino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0822-8440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Biondaro","family":"G\u00f3is","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Maring\u00e1 Maring\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Federal University of Rec\u00f4ncavo da Bahia Santo Antonio de Jesus Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Luis","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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