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Recent findings have unveiled the role of components of the esophageal mucosa in the pathogenesis of GERD including sensory nociceptive nerves and inflammatory mediators. Erosive esophagitis was long believed to develop as a result of acid injury at the esophageal lumen, but novel concepts suggest the generation of reflux\u2010induced esophageal injury as a result of cytokine\u2010mediated inflammation. Moreover, the localization and characterization of mucosal afferent nerves vary between GERD phenotypes and could explain the heterogeneity of symptom perception between patients who experience similar levels of acid reflux.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this review is to consider the crosstalk of different factors of the esophageal mucosa in the pathogenesis of GERD, with a particular focus on mucosal innervation and molecular basis of acid\u2010induced cytokine response. We discuss the current understanding of the mucosal response to acid injury, the nociceptive role of acid\u2010sensitive receptors expressed in the esophageal mucosa, and the role of esophageal epithelial cells in initiating the onset of erosive esophagitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T06:17:45Z","timestamp":1603952265000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Mucosal pathogenesis in gastro\u2010esophageal reflux disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Ahsen","family":"Ustaoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London  London 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