{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T17:15:08Z","timestamp":1769879708769,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]],"date-time":"2021-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Measurements of gastric emptying (GE) by scintigraphy in the pediatric population are based on adult standards. Due to radiation exposure, scintigraphy cannot be performed on healthy children to establish norms of GE in the pediatric population. Stable isotope breath tests (GEBTs) pose no such health risk to children. This study sought to determine the feasibility of a GEBT in children and to investigate whether GE may differ by age, gender, or body mass index (BMI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty healthy children 6 to 18\u00a0years underwent a <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010Spirulina platensis GEBT. Breath samples were obtained at baseline, every 15\u00a0min for 1\u00a0h, and at 30\u2010min intervals for 3\u00a0h thereafter. Seventeen similarly aged patients with dyspeptic symptoms concurrently underwent scintigraphy and the GEBT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010six healthy subjects were included in the final analysis. Females had an overall slower rate of GE than did males. At nearly all timepoints, children with a BMI &gt;85<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> percentile had slower GE than normally weighted children. The GE rate of children aged 6\u20139 reached a maximum later than did the rate of older children. Thirteen patients undergoing scintigraphy were included in the comparative analysis. The agreement between scintigraphic and GEBT half\u2010times as measured by the concordance correlation coefficient was 0.383 (95% CI: 0.02\u20130.65).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>GEBT was easily accomplished in healthy children. Differences of GE rates by age, gender, and BMI support the need for establishing pediatric standards of GE. One way to establish such standards may be through the use of a GEBT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]],"date-time":"2021-01-23T10:59:26Z","timestamp":1611399566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Spirulina breath test indicates differences in gastric emptying based on age, gender, and BMI"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3768-8155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle K.","family":"Orsagh\u2010Yentis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shasha","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biostatistics Department of Biomedical Informatics College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Biostatistics Resources Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Bobbey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoinette","family":"Pusateri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kent","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31827a789c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70126-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.092_c.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200012010-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90640-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03183.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.6.768"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration.Summary of safety and effectiveness data (SSED). [13C]\u2010Spirulina Platensis Gastric Emptying Breath Test. Approved 6 Apr 2015. 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