{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T01:04:43Z","timestamp":1768871083388,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]],"date-time":"2021-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Psychological stress and anxiety, such those generated by forced quarantine, affect gastrointestinal symptoms course in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, our aim was to assess, in a cohort of patients regularly followed up in a devoted outpatient clinic of Southern Italy, the association between their gastrointestinal symptoms changes, stress, and anxiety reported during the Italian lockdown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recruited patients from the outpatient clinic of the University of Salerno, devoted to functional gastrointestinal disorders, selecting only patients for whom an evaluation was available in the last 6\u00a0months before the lockdown. Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated at each visit through standardized questionnaire and pooled in a database. On 45th days from the beginning of the lockdown, patients were re\u2010assessed by phone with the same questionnaire. Anxiety and stress levels were assessed through a self\u2010administered online questionnaire based on Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 test and Perceived Stress Scale 10 test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The intensity\u2010frequency scores of several upper gastrointestinal symptoms improved (Wilcoxon test &lt;0.05). Higher anxiety levels had a higher risk of worsening chest pain (OR 1.3 [1.1\u20131.7]), waterbrash (OR 1.3 [1.0\u20131.7]), epigastric burning (OR 1.3 [1.0\u20131.6]), and abdominal pain (OR 1.6 [1.0\u20132.3]). When compared to the interval preceding the outbreak, half of the patients declared their symptoms remained unchanged, 13.6% worsened, and 36.4% improved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the COVID\u201019 quarantine, there was an improvement of the majority of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in our patients, and anxiety seems an important risk of worsening few of them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T19:12:15Z","timestamp":1612811535000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Impact of COVID\u201019 lockdown on symptoms in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders: Relationship with anxiety and perceived stress"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4277-2917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Oliviero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d University of Salerno Baronissi Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9230-0910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Ruggiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d University of Salerno Baronissi Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1921-5816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvira","family":"D\u2019Antonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d University of Salerno Baronissi Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5213-3193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Gagliardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d University of Salerno Baronissi Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7643-8231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubino","family":"Nunziata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d University of Salerno Baronissi Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5618-0691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Di Sarno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d University of Salerno Baronissi Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8793-4583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmelina","family":"Abbatiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d University of Salerno Baronissi Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7608-2522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvira","family":"Di Feo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d University of Salerno Baronissi Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8684-392X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"De Vivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d University of Salerno Baronissi Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9094-765X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Santonicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d University of Salerno Baronissi Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9568-0680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Iovino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d University of Salerno Baronissi Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1007.030703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2016048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691616646305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.14.1685"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.027"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"591","article-title":"Stress and the gut: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, diagnostic approach and treatment options","volume":"62","author":"Konturek PC","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2012.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01763.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2016.1109446"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01303.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.175000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"1685","article-title":"Chronic pain in irritable bowel syndrome and other comorbid pain conditions","volume":"35","author":"Santonicola A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Medica Mediterr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90439-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-012-1552-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.6.818"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072608"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2015.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2016.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-2311-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Bruxism and health related quality of life in southern Italy's prison inmates","volume":"31","author":"Cavallo P","year":"2014","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.12.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9247458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10099-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113462"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.14092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nmo.14092","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.14092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T01:52:55Z","timestamp":1693619575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nmo.14092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nmo.14092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.14092","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-1925","1365-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-1925","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14092"}}