{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:00:20Z","timestamp":1787508020274,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007827","name":"American College of Gastroenterology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biofeedback therapy is useful for treatment of fecal incontinence (FI), but is not widely available and labor intensive. We investigated if home biofeedback therapy (HBT) is non\u2010inferior to office biofeedback therapy (OBT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with FI (\u22651 episode\/week) were randomized to HBT or OBT for 6\u00a0weeks. HBT was performed daily using novel device that provided resistance training and electrical stimulation with voice\u2010guided instructions. OBT consisted of six weekly sessions. Both methods involved anal strength, endurance, and coordination training. Primary outcome was change in weekly FI episodes. FI improvement was assessed with stool diaries, validated instruments (FISI, FISS, and ICIQ\u2010B), and anorectal manometry using intention\u2010to\u2010treat analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty (F\/M\u00a0=\u00a026\/4) FI patients (20 in HBT, 10 in OBT) participated. Weekly FI episodes decreased significantly after HBT (\u0394\u00a0\u00b1\u00a095% confidence interval: 4.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.8, compared with baseline,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.003) and OBT (3.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.6,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0003) and HBT was non\u2010inferior to OBT (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.2). The FISI and FISS scores improved significantly in HBT group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.02). Bowel pattern, bowel control, and quality of life (QOL) domains (ICIQ\u2010B) improved significantly in HBT arm (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.023). Resting and maximum squeeze sphincter pressures significantly improved in both HBT and OBT groups and sustained squeeze pressure in HBT, without group differences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Home biofeedback therapy is non\u2010inferior to OBT for FI treatment. Home biofeedback is safe, effective, improves QOL, and through increased access could facilitate improved management of FI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T08:22:53Z","timestamp":1622794973000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Randomized controlled trial of home biofeedback therapy versus office biofeedback therapy for fecal incontinence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Xuelian","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Medical College of Georgia Augusta University Augusta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5843-1220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amol","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Medical College of Georgia Augusta University Augusta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanisa","family":"Patcharatrakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Medical College of Georgia Augusta University Augusta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Medical College of Georgia Augusta University Augusta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tennekoon","family":"Karunaratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Medical College of Georgia Augusta University Augusta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Parr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Medical College of Georgia Augusta University Augusta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak Nag","family":"Ayyala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences Medical College of Georgia Augusta University Augusta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences Medical College of Georgia Augusta University Augusta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4446-8452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satish S. 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