{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T19:18:30Z","timestamp":1782760710438,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypothalamic corticotropin\u2010releasing factor (CRF) receptor 1 (CRF<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) plays a role in acute stress\u2010related stimulation of colonic motor function. Less is known on CRF<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> signaling in the brainstem.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigate CRF<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> expression in the brainstem and the colonic response to 4<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> ventricle (4V) injection of CRF and urocortin (Ucn) 2 (3 \u00b5g\/rat) in chronically cannulated male rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transcripts of CRF<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> wild\u2010type 1a and splice variants 1c, 1e, 1f, 1o along with three novel variants 1a\u20102 (desK\u2010110 in exon 5), 1p (\u2010exon 7), and 1q (exon 5 extension) were identified in the pons and medulla. The area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, locus coeruleus, and Barrington\u2019s nucleus isolated by laser capture microdissection expressed 1a, 1a\u20102, and 1p but not 1q. Compared to 4V vehicle, 4V CRF induced fecal pellet output (FPO) and diarrhea that were blocked by the CRF antagonist, astressin\u2010B. CRF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> agonist, Ucn2 had no effect on basal or CRF\u2010induced FPO. CRF actions were correlated with the induction of c\u2010Fos immunoreactivity in myenteric neurons of the proximal and distal colon (pC, dC) and submucosal neurons of dC. c\u2010Fos immunoreactivity occurred in 39% and 37% of myenteric cholinergic and 7% and 58% of nitrergic neurons in the pC and dC, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>CRF<jats:sub>1a<\/jats:sub> and its splice variants are expressed in brainstem nuclei, and activation of CRF<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> signaling at the level of the brainstem stimulates colonic secretory\u2010motor function through activation of colonic enteric neurons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T17:50:53Z","timestamp":1625248253000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Activation of CRF<sub>1<\/sub> receptors expressed in brainstem autonomic nuclei stimulates colonic enteric neurons and secreto\u2010motor function in male rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0067-510X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pu\u2010Qing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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