{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T10:56:58Z","timestamp":1762253818572,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) is the most common motility disorder. However, little is known about its pathophysiology. Vagal afferent nerves convey esophageal intraluminal bolus information to solitary nucleus, which is likely to be involved with esophageal primary and secondary peristalsis (SP). We hypothesized that altered mucosal sensory afferents underlie the pathogenesis of IEM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We prospectively collected esophageal biopsies from 38 patients with proton pump inhibitor\u2010refractory reflux symptoms from January to December 2019. All patients underwent high\u2010resolution manometry for the evaluation of primary and secondary peristalsis, and off\u2010PPI 24\u2010h impedance\u2010pH studies. Biopsies were analyzed using immunohistochemistry for identification of calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide\u2010immunoreactive (CGRP\u2010IR) nerves and qPCR for mRNA expression of potential mechanoreceptors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall 32 patients were finally analyzed which consisted of 11 patients with normal motility and 21 patients with IEM. The position of mucosal CGRP\u2010IR nerves from the esophageal lumen did not differ between the two groups (the proximal esophagus (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.52), the mid\u2010esophagus (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.92), the distal esophagus (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.29)) with the similar reflux profile. No difference was seen in the position of CGRP\u2010IR nerves between patients with successful triggering of SP and those unable to trigger SP. There was also no difference in mRNA expression of each potential mechanoreceptors (TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPV4, ASIC1, ASIC3) between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study showed that mucosal sensory afferents nerve position and mRNA expression of potential mechanoreceptors did not correlate to weak esophageal contraction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T10:07:59Z","timestamp":1624270079000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Esophageal mucosal sensory nerves and potential mechanoreceptors in patients with ineffective esophageal motility"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0590-3693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akinari","family":"Sawada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Yi","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University Hualien Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2838-1103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahsen","family":"Ustaoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9084-8210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien\u2010Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University Hualien Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4894-0523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Sifrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"G8","article-title":"Effects of alterations in bolus viscosity on esophageal peristalsis in humans","volume":"254","author":"Dooley CP","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13574"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"1576","article-title":"Acid\u2010provoked esophageal spasm as a cause of noncardiac chest pain","volume":"86","author":"Crozier RE","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2006.00793.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018831018566"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01494.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00496.2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"160","article-title":"The Chicago Classification of esophageal motility disorders, v3.0. 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