{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:00:54Z","timestamp":1791489654883,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000098","name":"NIH Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK097112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK097112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Esophagitis is prevalent in patients with esophageal dysmotility despite acid suppression, likely related to poor esophageal clearance. Esophageal atresia (EA) is a classic model of dysmotility where this observation holds true. In adult non\u2010dysmotility populations, failure of esophagitis to respond to proton pump inhibitors (PPI) has been linked to variants in <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic> that influence the activity of the encoded enzyme. It is unknown if CYP2C19 metabolizer phenotype contributes to PPI\u2010refractory, non\u2010allergic esophagitis in EA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a cross\u2010sectional study of 314 children with (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0188) and without (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0126) EA who were on PPI therapy at the time of endoscopy to evaluate for possible gastroesophageal reflux disease. Patients with eosinophilic esophagitis and\/or fundoplication were excluded. Clinical and histology data were collected. Genomic DNA from biopsy samples was genotyped for polymorphisms in <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CYP2C19 metabolizer phenotypes were not associated with presence or severity of esophagitis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.994). In a multivariate logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders, EA was the strongest and only significant predictor of esophagitis (odds ratio 2.72, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.023). Using negative binomial regression, we found that CYP2C19 phenotype was not a significant predictor of eosinophil count in children with PPI\u2010refractory esophagitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with EA are significantly more likely to experience PPI\u2010refractory, non\u2010allergic esophagitis than controls regardless of CYP2C19 metabolizer phenotype, suggesting that factors other than <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic> genetics, including dysmotility, are the primary drivers of esophagitis in EA. <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic> genotype failed to predict PPI\u2010refractory, non\u2010allergic esophagitis in both EA and non\u2010EA children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T03:26:25Z","timestamp":1627874785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pharmacogenomics fail to explain proton pump inhibitor refractory esophagitis in pediatric esophageal atresia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4998-3322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Staffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care, and Pain Medicine Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Boston MA 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