{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:53:25Z","timestamp":1784307205053,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>At high altitude (HA), acute mountain sickness (AMS) is accompanied by neurologic and upper gastrointestinal symptoms (UGS). The primary aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that delayed gastric emptying (GE), assessed by <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010octanoate breath testing (OBT), causes UGS in AMS. The secondary aim was to assess post\u2010gastric mechanisms of OBT, which could confound results under these conditions, by determination of intermediary metabolites, gastrointestinal peptides, and basal metabolic rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective trial was performed in 25\u00a0healthy participants (15\u00a0male) at 4559\u00a0m (HA) and at 490\u00a0m (Zurich). GE was assessed by OBT (428\u00a0kcal solid meal) and UGS by visual analogue scales (VAS). Blood sampling of metabolites (glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG), beta\u2010hydroxyl butyrate (BHB), L\u2010lactate) and gastrointestinal peptides (insulin, amylin, PYY, etc.) was performed as well as blood gas analysis and spirometry. Statistical analysis: variance analyses, bivariate correlation, and multilinear regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 24\u00a0h under hypoxic conditions at HA, participants developed AMS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> exhalation kinetics increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) resulting in reduced estimates of gastric half\u2010emptying times (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). However, median resting respiratory quotients and plasma profiles of TG indicated that augmented beta\u2010oxidation was the main predictor of accelerated <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010generation under these conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quantification of <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010octanoate oxidation by a breath test is sensitive to variation in metabolic (liver) function under hypoxic conditions. <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010breath testing using short\u2010chain fatty acids is not reliable for measurement of gastric function at HA and should be considered critically in other severe hypoxic conditions, like sepsis or chronic lung disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T02:20:17Z","timestamp":1627957217000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of high altitude on human postprandial <sup>13<\/sup>C\u2010octanoate metabolism, intermediary metabolites, gastrointestinal peptides, and visceral perception"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3168-7074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick\u2010Pascal","family":"Strunz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Immunology Department of Medicine II University Hospital Wurzburg  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael N.","family":"Vuille\u2010dit\u2010Bille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Surgery University Children's Hospital of Basel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4394-5584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"R. 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