{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T22:15:36Z","timestamp":1783462536325,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuropeptide\u2010S (NPS) regulates autonomic outflow, stress response, and gastrointestinal (GI) motor functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of NPS on GI dysmotility induced by neonatal maternal separation (MS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>MS was conducted by isolating newborn pups from dams from postnatal day 1 to day 14. In adulthood, rats were also exposed to chronic homotypic stress (CHS). Visceral sensitivity was assessed by colorectal distension\u2010induced abdominal contractions. Gastric emptying (GE) was measured following CHS, whereas fecal output was monitored daily. NPS or NPS receptor (NPSR) antagonist was centrally applied simultaneously with electrocardiography and gastric motility recording. Immunoreactivities for NPS, NPSR, corticotropin\u2010releasing factor (CRF), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and c\u2010Fos were assessed by immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>NPS alleviated the MS\u2010induced visceral hypersensitivity. Under basal conditions, central exogenous or endogenous NPS had no effect on GE and gastric motility. NPS restored CHS\u2010induced gastric and colonic dysmotility in MS rats while increasing sympatho\u2010vagal balance without affecting vagal outflow. NPSR expression was detected in CRF\u2010producing cells of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and central amygdala, but not in Barrington's nucleus. Moreover, NPSR was present in ChAT\u2010expressing neurons in dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), and nucleus ambiguus (NAmb) in addition to the TH\u2010positive neurons in C1\/A1, and locus coeruleus (LC). Neurons adjacent to the adrenergic cells in LC were found to produce NPS. NPS administration caused c\u2010Fos expression in C1\/A1 cells, while no immunoreactivity was detected in DMV or NAmb.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>NPS\/NPSR system might be a novel target for the treatment of stress\u2010related GI dysmotility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]],"date-time":"2021-09-25T06:51:07Z","timestamp":1632552667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Centrally Administered Neuropeptide\u2010S Alleviates Gastrointestinal Dysmotility Induced by Neonatal Maternal Separation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2093-6178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"B\u00fclb\u00fcl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Akdeniz University Antalya 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