{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:27:53Z","timestamp":1790195273892,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK109376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK109376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies show that intraluminal impedance recordings of the esophagus allow one to measure the luminal distension during peristalsis, an important parameter for calculation of the biomechanical properties of esophageal wall. The goal was to determine the effect of subject posture and bolus viscosity on the biomechanical properties of esophageal wall, and the rate of bolus flow along the length of the esophagus during primary peristalsis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010resolution manometry impedance recordings were obtained in 14 normal healthy subjects. Swallows of 10\u00a0ml saline and viscous bolus were recorded in the supine and Trendelenburg positions. User identified the region of interest, and a custom\u2010designed software extracted parameters of interest such as bolus flow rate, esophageal wall tension, and esophageal wall distensibility in four equal segments of the esophagus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bolus flow rate decreases along the length of the esophagus, being slowest in the distal esophagus. Bolus flow rate is smaller in the Trendelenburg position and with viscous bolus as compared with supine position and saline bolus. Esophageal wall tension is greater in the Trendelenburg position and with viscous bolus as compared with the supine position and saline bolus. The esophageal wall distensibility is larger in the distal as compared with proximal esophagus, which is true for both the saline and viscous bolus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report, for the first time, bolus flow rate and biomechanical properties of the esophageal wall during swallow\u2010induced primary peristalsis. Future studies may investigate biomechanical basis of esophageal motility disorders using the methodology described.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T13:49:17Z","timestamp":1634305757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Bolus flow and biomechanical properties of the esophageal wall during primary esophageal peristalsis: Effects of bolus viscosity and posture"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0272-7492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Zifan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University of California San Diego San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vignesh","family":"Gandu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University of California San Diego San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Ledgerwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University of California San Diego San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5228-9617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravinder","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University of California San Diego San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01624.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1899.sp000752"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1901.sp000827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00117.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00397.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106630"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-11-199606010-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.028795"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00394.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12571"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14138","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14138","article-title":"Distension\u2010contraction profile of peristalsis in patients with nutcracker esophagus","author":"Zifan A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00235.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1998.275.2.G187"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90582-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.11.3595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00227.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00148.2014"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; 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