{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T16:20:47Z","timestamp":1789143647481,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postoperative ileus (POI) involves an intestinal inflammatory response that is modulated by afferent and efferent vagal activation. We aimed to identify the potential influence of the vagus nerve on POI by tracking central vagal activation and its role for peripheral inflammatory changes during the early hours after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>C57BL6\u00a0mice were vagotomized (V) 3\u20134\u00a0days prior to experiments, while control animals received sham vagotomy (SV). Subgroups underwent either laparotomy (sham operation; S\u2010POI) or laparotomy followed by standardized small bowel manipulation to induce postoperative ileus (POI). Three hours and 9\u00a0h later, respectively, a jejunal segment was harvested and infiltration of inflammatory cells in intestinal muscularis was evaluated by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) avidin and myeloperoxidase (MPO) staining. Moreover, the brain stem was harvested, and central nervous activation was investigated by Fos immunochemistry in both the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the area postrema (AP). Data are presented as mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SEM, and a <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hour experiments revealed no significant differences between all experimental groups, except MPO staining: 3\u00a0h after abdominal surgery, there were significantly more MPO\u2010positive cells in vagotomized S\u2010POI animals compared to sham\u2010vagotomized S\u2010POI animals (26.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.1 vs. 5.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Nine hour postoperatively intramuscular mast cells (IMMC) were significantly decreased in the intestinal muscularis of V\/POI animals compared to SV\/POI animals (1.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3 vs. 5.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), while MPO\u2010positive cells were increased in V\/POI animals compared to SV\/POI animals (713.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a099.4 vs. 46.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). There were less Fos\u2010positive cells in the NTS of V\/POI animals compared to SV\/POI animals (64.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.8 vs. 132.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a023.9, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and more Fos\u2010positive cells in the AP of V\/POI animals compared to SV\/POI animals 9\u00a0h postoperatively (38.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.0 vs. 13.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.9, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Interferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Afferent nerve signaling to the central nervous system during the development of early POI seems to be mediated mainly via the vagus nerve and to a lesser degree via systemic circulation. During the early hours of POI, the intestinal immune response may be attenuated by vagal modulation, suggesting interactions between the central nervous system and the intestine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T05:04:27Z","timestamp":1640667867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The role of vagal innervation on the early development of postoperative ileus in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8332-3726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Brandlhuber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Grosshadern Clinic Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Benhaqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Genetics and Laboratory Diagnostics Medical Labs Martinsried Martinsried Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Brandlhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allgemeinarztpraxis Dorfen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Koliogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Grosshadern Clinic Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Kasparek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Josephinum M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario H.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Minimal\u2010Invasive Surgery Vivantes Klinikum Neuk\u00f6lln Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin E.","family":"Kreis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Visceral Surgery Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i14.1683"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1999.0029900489"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2009.15.6.485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.29605"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2009.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2001.116451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-38796"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i17.2067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-3150.2004.00558.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.138.2.206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12796"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-008-0789-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb49936.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/1999\/375916"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199811000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1999.0029900378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"R888","article-title":"Neuronal pathways involved in abdominal surgery\u2010induced gastric ileus in rats","volume":"270","author":"Barquist E","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0700913"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-011-1481-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-0702(00)00233-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-010-0594-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1997.272.4.R1245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.169250"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/75.6.816"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3131879"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01824.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087785"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2006.01.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Physiological and morphological effects of long\u2010term vagal stimulation in diet induced obesity in rats","volume":"60","author":"Gil K","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70214-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.169417"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902550310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","first-page":"G1","article-title":"Vagovagal reflex control of digestion: afferent modulation by neural and \u201cendoneurocrine\u201d factors","volume":"268","author":"Rogers RC","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2004000400012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","first-page":"308","article-title":"Efferent projections of the area postrema demonstrated by autoradiography","volume":"117","author":"Vigier D","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Ital Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","first-page":"2941","article-title":"Neuronal connections of the area postrema","volume":"43","author":"Leslie RA","year":"1984","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902190307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","first-page":"III","article-title":"The sensory circumventricular organs of the mammalian brain","volume":"172","author":"McKinley MJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.7.8.8500693"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.63.6.683"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","first-page":"R1136","article-title":"A method for selective section of vagal afferent or efferent axons in the rat","volume":"267","author":"Norgren R","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00643"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2281-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.76"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.14308","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nmo.14308","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.14308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T07:23:41Z","timestamp":1692948221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nmo.14308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nmo.14308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.14308","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-1925","1365-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-1925","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14308"}}