{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:19:24Z","timestamp":1787163564232,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many of the studies on COVID\u201019\u00a0severity and its associated symptoms focus on hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between acute GI symptoms and COVID\u201019\u00a0severity in a clustering\u2010based approach and to determine the risks and epidemiological features of post\u2010COVID\u201019 Disorders of Gut\u2013Brain Interaction (DGBI) by including both hospitalized and ambulatory patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study utilized a two\u2010phase Internet\u2010based survey on: (1) COVID\u201019 patients\u2019 demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, complications, and hospitalizations and (2) post\u2010COVID\u201019 DGBI diagnosed according to Rome IV criteria in association with anxiety (GAD\u20107) and depression (PHQ\u20109). Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Five distinct clusters of symptomatic subjects were identified based on the presence of GI symptoms, loss of smell, and chest pain, among 1114 participants who tested positive for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. GI symptoms were found to be independent risk factors for severe COVID\u201019; however, they did not always coincide with other severity\u2010related factors such as age &gt;65\u00a0years, diabetes mellitus, and Vitamin D deficiency. Of the 164\u00a0subjects with a positive test who participated in Phase\u20102, 108 (66%) fulfilled the criteria for at least one DGBI. The majority (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a081; 75%) were new\u2010onset DGBI post\u2010COVID\u201019. Overall, 86% of subjects with one or more post\u2010COVID\u201019 DGBI had at least one GI symptom during the acute phase of COVID\u201019, while 14% did not. Depression (65%), but not anxiety (48%), was significantly more common in those with post\u2010COVID\u201019 DGBI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GI symptoms are associated with a severe COVID\u201019 among survivors. Long\u2010haulers may develop post\u2010COVID\u201019 DGBI. Psychiatric disorders are common in post\u2010COVID\u201019 DGBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T04:50:33Z","timestamp":1649134233000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Gastrointestinal symptoms and the severity of COVID\u201019: Disorders of gut\u2013brain interaction are an outcome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ramin","family":"Ebrahim Nakhli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Shanker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso  El Paso Texas 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