{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T02:13:43Z","timestamp":1792462423585,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":251,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common and debilitating gastrointestinal disorder attributed to altered gut\u2010brain interactions. While the etiology of FD remains unknown, emerging research suggests the mechanisms are likely multifactorial and heterogenous among patient subgroups. Small bowel motor disturbances, visceral hypersensitivity, chronic microinflammation, and increased intestinal tract permeability have all been linked to the pathogenesis of FD. Recently, alterations to the gut microbiome have also been implicated to play an important role in the disease. Changes to the duodenal microbiota may either trigger or be a consequence of immune and neuronal disturbances observed in the disease, but the mechanisms of influence of small intestinal flora on gastrointestinal function and symptomatology are unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review summarizes and synthesizes the literature on the link between the microbiota, low\u2010grade inflammatory changes in the duodenum and FD. This review is not intended to provide a complete overview of FD or the small intestinal microbiota, but instead outline some of the key conceptual advances in understanding the interactions between altered gastrointestinal bacterial communities; dietary factors; host immune activation; and stimulation of the gut\u2013brain axes in patients with FD versus controls. Current and emerging treatment approaches such as dietary interventions and antibiotic or probiotic use that have demonstrated symptom benefits for patients are reviewed, and their role in modulating the host\u2013microbiota is discussed. Finally, suggested opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic improvements for patients with this condition are presented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T06:54:09Z","timestamp":1649660049000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Role of the duodenal microbiota in functional dyspepsia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Georgia","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health University of Newcastle  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"AGIRA (Australian Gastrointestinal Research Alliance)  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily 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