{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T17:53:59Z","timestamp":1788976439398,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014CFB688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014CFB688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effects of simo decoction (SMD) on the gastric motility of diabetic rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetic rats were gavaged with various doses of SMD (0.15, 1.5, and 3.0\u00a0ml\/kg\/d) or saline, and their blood glucose levels and body weight were monitored. Gastric emptying and antral motility were assessed by phenol red retention and contractions of antral strips, respectively. The levels of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and neurogenic nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the gastric antrum were determined by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastric emptying was delayed in diabetic rats (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.01 vs. non\u2010diabetic controls) but accelerated after SMD administration (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.01). The contractions of antral strips were reduced in diabetic rats (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.01 vs. non\u2010diabetic controls) but improved after SMD intervention (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.05). The mRNA expressions of SP, VIP, and nNOS in diabetic rats were downregulated compared with non\u2010diabetic controls (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.01). Simo decoction treatment did not affect the expression of these factors in diabetic rats. The protein levels of SP, VIP, and nNOS in diabetic rats were decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.01), increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.01), and comparable (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u20090.05), respectively, in comparison with non\u2010diabetic controls. Simo decoction administration increased SP protein expression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.01) and decreased the levels of VIP (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.01) and nNOS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.01) in diabetic rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simo decoction improved gastric dysmotility of diabetic rats possibly by upregulating SP and downregulating VIP and nNOS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T10:30:02Z","timestamp":1663324202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of Simo decoction on gastric motility of diabetic rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Caihua","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Renhe Hospital Affiliated to China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chibing","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Renhe Hospital Affiliated to China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengchun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Renhe Hospital Affiliated to China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v12.i6.794"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1999.18.10.673"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4240-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2020.102718"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-8-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7920715"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01336.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-006-1909-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/2000-1967-132"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655299750026416"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529409094894"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl19103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06287-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.2019.19.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-020-04850-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000102961"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0812-1458"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-019-04391-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","unstructured":"JiangJE ZhangZY.The effect of Chaihu Shugansan granules on gastrointestinal motility in rats with gastrointestinal motility disorder caused by atropine and dopamine. 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