{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:37:46Z","timestamp":1753879066793,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL149864","R56HL131547","U18EB021789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL149864","R56HL131547","U18EB021789"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in heart failure (HF) patients are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that HF reduces bioelectrical activity underlying peristalsis. In this study, we aimed to establish a method to capture and analyze slow waves (SW) in the small intestine in mice with HF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We established a model of HF secondary to coronary artery disease in mice overexpressing tissue\u2010nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) in endothelial cells. The myoelectric activity was recorded from the small intestine in live animals under anesthesia. The low\u2010 and high\u2010frequency components of SW were isolated in MATLAB and compared between the control (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012) and eTNAP groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08). C\u2010kit\u2010positive interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and Pgp9.5\u2010positive myenteric neurons were detected by immunofluorescence. Myenteric ganglia were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SW activity was successfully captured in vivo, with both high\u2010 and low\u2010frequency components. Low\u2010frequency component of SW was not different between endothelial TNAP (eTNAP) and control mice (mean[95% CI]: 0.032[0.025\u20130.039] vs. 0.040[0.028\u20130.052]). High\u2010frequency component of SW showed a reduction eTNAP mice relative to controls (0.221[0.140\u20130.302] vs. 0.394[0.295\u20130.489], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Dysrhythmia was also apparent upon visual review of signals. The density of ICC and neuronal networks remained the same between the two groups. No significant reduction in the size of myenteric ganglia of eTNAP mice was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A method to acquire SW activity from small intestines in vivo and isolate low\u2010 and high\u2010frequency components was established. The results indicate that HF might be associated with reduced high\u2010frequency SW activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T17:42:22Z","timestamp":1670521342000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recording and analysis of slow waves of the small intestine of mice with heart failure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Javan\u2010Khoshkholgh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin \u2013 Eau Claire  Eau Claire Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph C.","family":"Sassoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York Institute 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