{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:15:13Z","timestamp":1790241313770,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gut\u2010directed hypnotherapy (GDH) has high rates of durable efficacy for treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but its widespread use is limited due to high costs and poor access. A smartphone app delivering GDH was developed to fill gaps in accessibility but has not been assessed in IBS patients. The current retrospective evaluation aims to assess the efficacy of app\u2010delivered GDH in managing IBS symptoms and to investigate associating factors that predict response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Irritable bowel syndrome patients who downloaded the app between June 2019 and April 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. The first seven sessions were free. Daily GDH, psycho\u2010education, and breathing exercises were included. Overall and individual gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed at baseline and completion using a 100\u2010mm visual analogue scale. Clinical data were extracted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      2843 patients with self\u2010reported IBS commenced the free sessions, 1428 (50%) purchased the app and 253 (9%) completed all 42 sessions. Outcome data were available for 190 users who completed all 42 sessions. 64% of patients who completed the GDH and provided outcome data responded (defined as &gt;30% reduction in abdominal pain). Abdominal pain reduced from 60mm (50\u201073mm) at baseline to 26mm (13\u201050mm) on study completion (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001 Wilcoxon). Similar results were seen for overall and individual symptoms. On multivariable analysis, symptom response was positively associated with being \u2265 40 years (estimated OR 0.398,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.025) and negatively associated with trying probiotics (0.323,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.042).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adherence to app\u2010delivered gut\u2010directed hypnotherapy was low but users who completed the program saw notable improvements in their IBS symptoms. Patients \u226540\u2009years, with symptoms for \u22655\u2009years, may respond better. A controlled trial comparing face\u2010to\u2010face to app\u2010delivered GDH is indicated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T05:50:40Z","timestamp":1674193840000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Smartphone app\u2010delivered gut\u2010directed hypnotherapy improves symptoms of self\u2010reported irritable bowel syndrome: A retrospective evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Simone L.","family":"Peters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Monash University, Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Monash University, Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6063-5118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma P.","family":"Halmos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Monash University, Alfred Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310004524"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321191"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15772"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001767"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324598"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.06.099"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30310-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022209631047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.340"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020545017390"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13706"},{"issue":"523","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Gut\u2010directed hypnotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome: piloting a primary care\u2010based randomised controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Roberts L","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92793-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.11.1623"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6936a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-02860-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1997.142318000.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. 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