{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T19:46:37Z","timestamp":1774899997992,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006083","name":"AGA Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic, multi\u2010symptom disorder affecting 25%\u201332% of Gulf War veterans. Veterans with GWI disproportionately suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Given the increasing evidence supporting a gut\u2010brain axis, we explore the relationship between post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), GWI, and self\u2010reported GI disorders among GW veterans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Veterans from the Gulf War Era Cohort and Biorepository responded to a mail\u2010based survey (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01058). They were stratified by GWI (Centers for Disease Control definition) and PTSD status. This yielded three groups: GWI\u2212, GWI+\/PTSD\u2212, and GWI+\/PTSD+. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for demographic and military characteristics examined associations between GWI\/PTSD groups and GI disorders. Results were expressed as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most frequently reported GI disorders were irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and colon polyps (CP). The GWI+\/PTSD+ group had a higher odds of these disorders than the GWI+\/PTSD\u2212 group (aOR<jats:sub>IBS<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a03.12, 95% CI: 1.93\u20135.05; aOR<jats:sub>GERD<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a02.04, 95% CI: 1.44\u20132.90; aOR<jats:sub>CP<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a01.85, 95% CI: 1.23\u20132.80), which had a higher odds of these disorders than the GWI\u2212 group (aOR<jats:sub>IBS<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a04.38, 95% CI: 1.55\u201312.36; aOR<jats:sub>GERD<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a02.51 95% CI: 1.63\u20133.87; aOR<jats:sub>CP<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a02.57, 95% CI: 1.53\u20134.32).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>GW veterans with GWI and PTSD have significantly higher odds of specific self\u2010reported GI disorders than the other groups. Given the known bidirectional influences of the gut and brain, these veterans may benefit from a holistic healthcare approach that considers biopsychosocial contributors to the assessment and management of disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T10:59:43Z","timestamp":1679396383000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<scp>Self\u2010reported<\/scp> gastrointestinal disorders among veterans with gulf war illness with and without posttraumatic stress disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5081-8121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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A.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. H.","family":"Nguyen\u00a0Wenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"VA HSR&amp;D Center for Innovations in Quality Effectiveness and Safety (IQuEST), Michael E. 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