{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T14:44:03Z","timestamp":1779374643002,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Opioids are well known to cause adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract including nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Data regarding how opioids affect the esophagus are more limited. Opioid\u2010induced esophageal dysfunction (OIED) is a clinical syndrome defined by chronic opioid use (\u22653\u2009months), esophageal symptoms (mainly dysphagia), and esophageal motility abnormalities diagnosed by manometry including achalasia type III, hypercontractile esophagus, distal esophageal spasm, and esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction. Up until now, the effect of opioids on esophageal motility assessed by the functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) had not been described. In this issue of NGM, Patel et al. report that FLIP assessment in patients with esophageal symptoms showed that chronic opioid users have a significant increase in repetitive retrograde contractions, but no significant reduction in distensibility at the esophagogastric junction compared to non\u2010users. Additionally, perceptive symptoms were higher, and quality of life metrics were lower in the chronic opioid users. This review article will discuss our current understanding of OIED and provide context for this latest study in chronic opioid users. Further investigation with larger prospective studies is needed to understand the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of OIED.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T13:28:11Z","timestamp":1681565291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Impact of opioids on esophageal motility"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Diana L.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5350-4654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo F.","family":"Vela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic  Scottsdale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6911a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000521996"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.1464"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7103a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01458.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1782"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000090314"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2016_116"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000648"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-3150.2004.00553.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-3150.2004.00554.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"391","article-title":"Identification and localization of opioid receptors in the opossum lower esophageal sphincter","volume":"224","author":"Rattan S","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Endogenous and exogenous opioids in the control of gastrointestinal motility and secretion","volume":"40","author":"Kromer W","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-3150.2004.00556.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2004.00513.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90676-9"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"793","article-title":"Effects of an enkephalinase inhibitor on esophageal motility in man","volume":"12","author":"Chaussade S","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31816b444d"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","first-page":"G401","article-title":"Nitric oxide: mediator of nonadrenergic noncholinergic responses of opossum esophageal muscle","volume":"261","author":"Murray J","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444346220.ch5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000369"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.04.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000682"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.8.802"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01303214"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9247457"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04212.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13601"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000773"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12938"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00137.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/crj.0000000000000723"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12291"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; 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