{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:39:53Z","timestamp":1753879193267,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]],"date-time":"2023-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Question prompt lists (QPLs) are structured sets of disease\u2010specific questions, intended to encourage question\u2010asking by patients and enhance patient\u2010physician communication. To date, a dysphagia\u2010specific QPL has not been developed for patients with esophageal dysphagia symptoms. We aim to develop a dysphagia\u2010specific QPL incorporating both esophageal expert and patient perspectives, applying rigorous methodology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The QPL content was generated applying a two\u2010round modified Delphi (RAND\/UCLA) method among 11 experts. In round one, experts provided five answers to the prompts: \u201cWhat general questions should patients ask when being seen for dysphagia?\u201d and \u201cWhat questions do I not hear patients asking but, given my experience, I believe they should be asking?\u201d In round two, experts rated proposed questions on a 5\u2010point Likert scale. Responses rated as \u201cessential\u201d or \u201cimportant\u201d, determined by an a priori median threshold of \u22654.0, were accepted for inclusion. Subsequently, 20 patients from Stanford Health Care were enrolled to modify the preliminary QPL, to incorporate their perspectives and opinions. Patients independently rated questions applying the same 5\u2010point Likert scale. At the end, patients were encouraged to propose additional questions to incorporate into the QPL by open\u2010endedly asking \u201cAre there questions we didn't ask, that you think we should?\u201d<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eleven experts participated in both voting rounds. Of 85 questions generated from round one, 60 (70.6%) were accepted for inclusion, meeting a median value of \u22654.0. Questions were combined to reduce redundancy, narrowing down to 44 questions. Questions were categorized into the following six themes: 1. \u201cWhat is causing my dysphagia?\u201d; 2. \u201cAssociated symptoms\u201d; 3. \u201cTesting for dysphagia\u201d; 4. \u201cLifestyle modifications\u201d; 5. \u201cTreatment for dysphagia\u201d; and 6. \u201cPrognosis\u201d. The largest number of questions covered \u201cWhat is causing my dysphagia\u201d (27.3%). Twenty patients participated and modified the QPL. Of the 44 questions experts agreed were important, only 30 questions (68.2%) were accepted for inclusion. Six patients proposed 10 additional questions and after incorporating the suggested questions, the final dysphagia\u2010specific QPL created by esophageal experts and modified by patients consisted of 40 questions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incorporating expert and patient perspectives, we developed a dysphagia\u2010specific QPL to enhance patient\u2010physician communication. Our study highlights importance of incorporating patient perspective when developing such a communication tool. Further studies will measure the impact of this communication tool on patient engagement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T05:03:57Z","timestamp":1682917437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and modification of a dysphagia question prompt list to improve patient\u2010physician communication: Incorporating both esophageal expert and patient perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Sudharshan","family":"Achalu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Redwood City California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5510-0338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rani","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Redwood City California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7531-1573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Redwood City California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5918-2062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert J.","family":"Bredenoord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurogastroenterology and Motility Amsterdam University Medical Center  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2625-1169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John O.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Redwood City California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4807-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronnie","family":"Fass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology MetroHealth  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3388-0660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. 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