{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T05:29:00Z","timestamp":1785216540268,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tagging techniques have been applied to the GI tract to assess bowel contractions and content mixing. We aimed to evaluate the dependence of a tagging measurement (for assessing chyme mixing) on inter\u2010observer variability in both the ascending colon (AC) and descending colon (DC) and to investigate the temporal variation and hence reliability of the colonic tagging technique by acquiring multiple measurements over time on healthy participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two independent datasets of healthy adults were used for the retrospective inter\u2010observer variability (Study 1: 13 datasets and Study 2: 31 datasets), and ten participants were scanned for the prospective temporal variation study following a 1\u2009L mannitol oral preparation. All colonic tagging data were acquired on 3\u2009T MRI scanners. The mean and the standard deviation (SD) maps were generated pixel\u2010by\u2010pixel using custom\u2010written software in MATLAB. The colonic regions of interest were defined using MIPAV software. Bland\u2013Altman plots and scatter plots were used for the inter\u2010observer variability. The mean and SD of all repeated measures for each subject were calculated along with a one\u2010way ANOVA to test for variations with time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scatter plots and Bland\u2013Altman plots showed a large range of data with low variation and small limits of agreements (&lt;5% CoV). The intraclass correlation coefficient of inter\u2010rater reliability was excellent and 0.97 or above for the AC and DC measurements for both datasets. The temporal variation study shows that there was no significant difference found between the multiple measures with time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.53, one\u2010way repeated measures ANOVA test).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>MRI tagging technique can provide an assessment of colonic chyme mixing. The inter\u2010observer study data showed high inter\u2010rater agreement. The temporal variation study showed some individual variations with time suggesting multiple measurements may be needed to increase accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T16:13:46Z","timestamp":1683735226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<scp>MRI<\/scp> tagging of colonic chyme mixing in healthy subjects: Inter\u2010observer variability and reliability of the measurement with time"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3481-7871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meshari T.","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences University of Hail  Hail Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5774-5466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali S.","family":"Alyami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiography Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences Jazan University  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0878-1687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Wilkinson\u2010Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6371-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin C.","family":"Spiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4900-4817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Penny","family":"Gowland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9092-4300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Marciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8906-6908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordon W.","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5483-1027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline L.","family":"Hoad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31711-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04710.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11101926"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13257"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz240"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12735"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.169.1.3420283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24094"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13091"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13942"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"McAuliffeMJ LalondeFM McGarryD GandlerW CsakyK TrusBL.Medical image processing analysis and visualization in clinical research. Paper presented at: Proceedings 14th IEEE Symposium on Computer\u2010Based Medical Systems. CBMS 20012001."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12784"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.14610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T01:17:16Z","timestamp":1692235036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nmo.14610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nmo.14610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.14610","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-1925","1365-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-1925","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14610"}}