{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:56:18Z","timestamp":1788227778468,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>An emerging strategy to treat symptoms of gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility utilizes the administration of isolated bacteria. However, the underlying mechanisms of action of these bacterial agents are not well established. Here, we elucidate a novel approach to promote intestinal motility by exploiting the biochemical capability of specific bacteria to produce the serotonin (5\u2010HT) precursor, tryptophan (Trp).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice were treated daily for 1\u2009week by oral gavage of <jats:italic>Bacillus (B.) subtilis<\/jats:italic> (R0179), heat\u2010inactivated R0179, or a tryptophan synthase\u2010null strain of <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> (1A2). Tissue levels of Trp, 5\u2010HT, and 5\u2010hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5\u2010HIAA) were measured and changes in motility were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice treated with <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> R0179 exhibited greater colonic tissue levels of Trp and the 5\u2010HT breakdown product, 5\u2010HIAA, compared to vehicle\u2010treated mice. Furthermore, <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> treatment accelerated colonic motility in both healthy mice as well as in a mouse model of constipation. These effects were not observed with heat\u2010inactivated R0179 or the live 1A2 strain that does not express tryptophan synthase. Lastly, we found that the prokinetic effects of <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> R0179 were blocked by coadministration of a 5\u2010HT<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> receptor (5\u2010HT<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>R) antagonist and were absent in 5\u2010HT<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>R knockout mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taken together, these data demonstrate that intestinal motility can be augmented by treatment with bacteria that synthesize Trp, possibly through increased 5\u2010HT signaling and\/or actions of Trp metabolites, and involvement of the 5\u2010HT<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>R. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into a transient and predictable bacterial strategy to promote GI motility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T04:34:08Z","timestamp":1687754048000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Tryptophan\u2010synthesizing bacteria enhance colonic motility"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1248-7720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa B.","family":"Legan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Sciences University of Vermont  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3746-2578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigitte","family":"Lavoie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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