{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T13:09:17Z","timestamp":1783948157482,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]],"date-time":"2023-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012910","name":"National Defense Medical College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012910","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mild blast\u2010induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) induces various gut symptoms resembling human irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) as one of mental and behavioral disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated whether the extremely localized brain impact extracranially induced by laser\u2010induced shock wave (LISW) evoked IBS\u2010like phenomenon including visceral hypersensitivity and intestinal hyperpermeability in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rats were subjected to LISW on the scalp to shock the entire brain. Visceral hypersensitivity was evaluated by the threshold pressure of abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) using a colorectal distension test. Permeability was evaluated by the concentration of penetrating FITC\u2010dextran from intestine and the mRNA expression levels of tight junction family proteins. Involvement of corticotropin\u2010releasing factor receptor (CRFR) 1 and 2 was examined by evaluating mRNA expression and modulating CRFR function with agonist, recombinant CRF (10 \u03bcg\/kg), and antagonist, astressin (33 \u03bcg\/kg). High\u2010throughput sequencing of the gut microbiota was performed by MiSeqIII instrument and QIIME tool.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The thresholds of the AWR were significantly lowered after LISW. Permeability was increased in small intestine by LISW along with decreased expression of tight junction ZO\u20101. LISW significantly increased CRFR1 expression and decreased CRFR2 expression. Visceral hypersensitivity was significantly aggravated by CRFR agonist and suppressed by CRFR antagonist. The \u03b1\u2010 and \u03b2\u2010diversity of the fecal microbiota was altered after LISW.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>LISW provoked visceral hypersensitivity, small intestinal hyperpermeability, altered expression of CRFRs and changes in the microbiota, suggesting that genuine bTBI caused by LISW can induce a pathophysiology comparable to that of human IBS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T04:35:45Z","timestamp":1687754145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Visceral hypersensitivity induced by mild traumatic brain injury via the corticotropin\u2010releasing hormone receptor: An animal model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Akinori","family":"Mizoguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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