{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:52:45Z","timestamp":1792803165065,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A previous study that introduced a Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) protocol with a high efficacy applied a combination of favorable factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study aimed to evaluate some of these factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 186 patients with IBS randomized 1:1:1 into transplant administered to the colon (single LI), to the duodenum (single SI), or to the duodenum twice with a 1\u2010week interval (repeated SI). The patients provided a fecal sample and were asked to complete five questionnaires at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12\u2009months after FMT. The fecal bacteria composition and dysbiosis index (DI) were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene PCR DNA amplification\/probe hybridization covering regions V3\u2013V9.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The response rate was significantly higher in single SI than in single LI at 12\u2009months after FMT. Symptoms and quality of life improved in all the treated groups at all time intervals after FMT. The abdominal symptoms were significantly reduced and the quality of life improved for repeated SI compared with for single SI. DI significantly decreased in all the treated groups at all observation times after FMT. The bacterial profiles changed in all groups at all observation intervals. However, these changes differed between single LI and single SI\/repeated SI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Administrating transplant to the small intestine had a long\u2010term higher response rate than that administrated to the large intestine, and led to long\u2010term colonization of beneficial bacteria. Repeating FMT had more effect on symptoms and quality of life than a single FMT. 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