{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T15:00:10Z","timestamp":1779375610313,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]],"date-time":"2023-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Food intake is regulated by homeostatic and hedonic systems that interact in a complex neuro\u2010hormonal network. Dysregulation in energy intake can lead to obesity (OB) or anorexia nervosa (AN). However, little is known about the neurohormonal response patterns to food intake in normal weight (NW), OB, and AN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material &amp; Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>During an ad\u00a0libitum nutrient drink (Ensure\u00ae) test (NDT), participants underwent three pseudo\u2010continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) MRI scans. The first scan was performed before starting the NDT after a\u2009&gt;\u200912\u2009h overnight fast (Hunger), the second after reaching maximal fullness (Satiation), and the third 30\u2010min after satiation (postprandial fullness). We measured blood levels of ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon\u2010like peptide (GLP\u20101), and peptide YY (PYY) with every pCASL\u2010MRI scan. Semiquantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps in mL\/100 gr brain\/min were calculated and normalized (nCBF) with the CBF in the frontoparietal white matter. The hypothalamus (HT), nucleus accumbens [NAc] and dorsal striatum [DS] were selected as regions of interest (ROIs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 53 participants, 7 with AN, 17 with NW (body\u2010mass index [BMI] 18.5\u201324.9\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), and 29 with OB (BMI \u226530\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) completed the study. The NW group had a progressive decrease in all five ROIs during the three stages of food intake (hunger, satiation, and post\u2010prandial fullness). In contrast, participants with OB showed a minimal change from hunger to postprandial fullness in all five ROIs. The AN group had a sustained nCBF in the HT and DS, from hunger to satiation, with a subsequent decrease in nCBF from satiation to postprandial fullness. All three groups had similar hormonal response patterns with a decrease in ghrelin, an increase in GLP\u20101 and PYY, and no change in CCK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conditions of regulated (NW) and dysregulated (OB and AN) energy intake are associated with distinctive neurohormonal activity patterns in response to hunger, satiation, and postprandial fullness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T05:13:20Z","timestamp":1699247600000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Neurohormonal response patterns to hunger, satiation, and postprandial fullness in normal weight, anorexia nervosa, and obesity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6294-8652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3588-9236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomas","family":"Marek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Calderon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wissam","family":"Ghusn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizeth","family":"Cifuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6472-7514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Camilleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barham Abu","family":"Dayyeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Port","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2286-489X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05026"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12040431"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.24260.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.12.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122216-011643"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2009.02.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2015.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3745"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0123-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21790"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25197"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2982.2002.00326.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy344"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-019-00340-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00475-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-021-01025-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.031492"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.116975"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.5.838"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20870"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30084-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53578-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1614"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","first-page":"4094","article-title":"Neuroimaging of hypothalamic mechanisms related to glucose metabolism in anorexia nervosa and obesity","volume":"130","author":"Simon JJ","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013600"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2022.105940"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.1.8129"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031328"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.4.707"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.1047"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2009.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20395"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2005.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2001.tb00196.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.110156"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1326.2000.00070.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.104556"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00615.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2304"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2304"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4500"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.14695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T04:48:35Z","timestamp":1704948515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nmo.14695"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nmo.14695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.14695","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-1925","1365-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-1925","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14695"}}