{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T07:27:47Z","timestamp":1768030067720,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The contributions of swallowing and belching to specific gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) phenotypes are unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study retrospectively analyzed esophageal pH\/impedance studies, comparing reflux events preceded by gastric belching (GB), supragastric belching (SGB), air swallowing, and liquid\/solid swallowing based on reflux position, lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, and acid exposure time (AET).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>20 GERD patients and 10 controls were studied. Upright GERD patients and controls had a higher proportion of reflux events with a preceding swallow or belch (0.64, 0.64) than the supine group (0.38, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.043). The upright group and controls trended toward a higher proportion of reflux events preceded by overall swallowing (0.61, 0.50) and air swallowing (0.55, 0.48) than the supine group (0.32, 0.31 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.064, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.11), but the three groups had similar rates of liquid\/solid swallowing (0.032, 0.024, 0.017, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.69). LES pressure did not correlate with reflux events preceded by swallowing (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.021, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.44). There was a higher rate of events preceded by gastric belching in the control group (0.14) than in the upright (0.032) and supine groups (0.066, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.049). LES pressure did not correlate with the rate of events preceded by belching (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.000093, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.96). Normal AET patients had a higher rate of events preceded by GB (0.12) than those with increased acid exposure (0.030, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0083), but the two groups had similar rates of preceding air (0.43, 0.47, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.68), liquid\/solid (0.018, 0.032, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.30), and overall swallowing (0.44, 0.53, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.38).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Swallowing more than belching is a dominant mechanism for reflux irrespective of GERD position, LES pressure, and AET.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T09:58:36Z","timestamp":1699523916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Roles of swallowing and belching in different phenotypes of gastroesophageal reflux disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Brand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Pomenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Katzka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00630.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314722"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197610000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109667"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2011.01738.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00687.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.042945"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.4.505"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90572-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.1.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-018-9890-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14501"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445504264746"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2018.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01371.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12223"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; 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