{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T18:31:50Z","timestamp":1769884310966,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin\u2010D is essential for musculoskeletal health. We aimed to determine whether patients with fecal incontinence (FI): (1) are more likely to have vitamin\u2010D deficiency and, (2) have higher rates of comorbid medical conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined 18\u2010 to 90\u2010year\u2010old subjects who had 25\u2010hydroxy vitamin\u2010D levels, and no vitamin\u2010D supplementation within 3\u2009months of testing, in a large, single\u2010institutional electronic health records dataset, between 2017 and 2022. Cox proportional hazards survival analysis was used to assess association of vitamin\u2010D deficiency on FI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 100,111 unique individuals tested for serum 25\u2010hydroxy vitamin\u2010D, 1205 (1.2%) had an established diagnosis of FI. Most patients with FI were female (75.9% vs. 68.7%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0255), Caucasian (66.3% vs. 52%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001), and older (64.2 vs. 53.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Smoking (6.56% vs. 2.64%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001) and GI comorbidities, including constipation (44.9% vs. 9.17%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001), irritable bowel syndrome (20.91% vs. 3.72%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001), and diarrhea (28.55% vs. 5.2%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001) were more common among FI patients. Charlson Comorbidity Index score was significantly higher in patients with FI (5.5 vs. 2.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Significantly higher proportions of patients with FI had vitamin\u2010D deficiency (7.14% vs. 4.45%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Moreover, after propensity\u2010score matching, rate of new FI diagnosis was higher in patients with vitamin\u2010D deficiency; HR 1.9 (95% CI [1.14\u20133.15]), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0131.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with FI had higher rates of vitamin\u2010D deficiency along with increased overall morbidity. Future research is needed to determine whether increased rate of FI in patients with vitamin\u2010D deficiency is related to frailty associated with increased medical morbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T08:02:22Z","timestamp":1707292942000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The association between <scp>vitamin\u2010D<\/scp> deficiency and fecal incontinence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4153-5012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila","family":"Neshatian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Observation and Medical Transcription Program Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nielsen","family":"Fernandez\u2010Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atropos Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laren","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Gurland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4233-3773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Triadafilopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00381-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00553.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.07.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.18315"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.11.1311"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13597"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000521288"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101200"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2010.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-022-02651-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/953241"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715609054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181d34806"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1173-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2389-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41424-018-0068-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-019-00583-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2016.177"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.14753","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T04:22:19Z","timestamp":1750652539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nmo.14753"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nmo.14753"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.14753","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-1925","1365-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-1925","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14753"}}