{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:38:51Z","timestamp":1789000731664,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG3NS115108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3NS115108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment options for abdominal pain in IBS are inadequate. TEA was reported effective treatment of disorders of gut\u2013brain interaction but its mechanism of action and optimal delivery method for treating pain in IBS are unknown. This study aims to determine the most effective TEA parameter and location to treat abdominal pain in patients with IBS\u2010Constipation and delineate the effect of TEA on rectal sensation and autonomic function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen IBS\u2010C patients underwent TEA at acupoints ST36 (leg), PC6 (wrist), or sham\u2010acupoint. Each patient was studied in five randomized sessions on separate days: (1) TEA\/ST36\u2010100\u2009Hz; (2) TEA\/ST36\u201025\u2009Hz; (3) TEA\/PC6\u2010100\u2009Hz; (4) TEA\/PC6\u201025\u2009Hz; (5) TEA\/Sham\u201025\u2009Hz. In each session, barostat\u2010guided rectal distention (RD) was performed before and after TEA. Patients graded the RD\u2010induced pain and recorded three rectal sensation thresholds. A heart rate variability (HRV) signal was derived from the electrocardiogram for autonomic function assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Studied patients were predominantly female, young, and Caucasian. Compared with baseline, patients treated with TEA\/ST36\u2010100\u2009Hz had significantly decreased pain scores at RD pressure\u2010points 20\u201350\u2009mmHg (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.04). The average pain reduction was 40%. Post\u2010treatment scores did not change significantly with other TEA modalities except with sham\u2010TEA (lesser degree compared to ST36\u2010100\u2009Hz,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). TEA\/ST36\u2010100, but not other modalities, increased the rectal sensation threshold (first sensation:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007; urge to defecate:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.026). TEA\/ST36\u2010100\u2009Hz was the only treatment that significantly decreased sympathetic activity and increased parasympathetic activity with and without RD (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.04).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TEA at ST36\u2010100\u2009Hz is superior stimulation point\/parameter, compared to TEA at PC\u20106\/sham\u2010TEA, to reduce rectal distension\u2010induced pain in IBS\u2010C patients. This therapeutic effect appears to be mediated through rectal hypersensitivity reduction and autonomic function modulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T00:45:21Z","timestamp":1714178721000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The impact of transcutaneous electrical acustimulation (\n                    <scp>TEA<\/scp>\n                    ) on rectal distension\u2010induced pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (\n                    <scp>IBS<\/scp>\n                    )\u2014A study to determine the optimal\n                    <scp>TEA<\/scp>\n                    delivery modalities and effects on rectal sensation and autonomic function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9576-0525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borko","family":"Nojkov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Burnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieyun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transtimulation Research Inc.  Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khawar","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyuan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candice","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Habrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Chey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiande D. 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