{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T20:42:07Z","timestamp":1757623327082,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evaluation of gut motility in clinical practice is currently limited. A novel medical system (MoPill\u2122) consisting of a capsule that wirelessly transmits radiofrequency signals to assess motility via 3D location, was used to conduct this study. The objectives were to: (1) confirm the safety of the MoPill\u2122 system; (2) compare the 3D location transmitted by the capsule to its location captured by abdominal x\u2010rays; 3 determine gastric emptying (GE), whole gut transit time (WGTT) and segmental transit times.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MoPill\u2122 system consists of an electronic capsule (2\u2009\u00d7\u20091.2\u2009cm), eight color\u2010coded adhesive sensors (6\u2009\u00d7\u20095.5\u2009cm), a recorder (15\u2009\u00d7\u200911\u2009\u00d7\u20092 cm), and software on a laptop. Four sensors were applied to the abdomen and four to the back. Healthy subjects who had fasted overnight ingested a 250\u2010calorie protein bar, 17\u2009oz. of water, followed by an activated capsule. No further caloric contents were permitted for the next 5\u2009h. At 1, 5, and 24\u2009h (if the capsule had not been expelled), upright abdominal X\u2010rays (AP and lateral) were obtained to assess the location of the capsule, which was compared to the gastrointestinal positioning system (GPS) location determined by the MoPill\u2122 system. Identification of the capsule's anatomical location by the MoPill\u2122 system was based on (1) the 3D (x, y, z) location; (2) time; (3) trajectory (e.g., going up the right side of the body signified ascending colon); (4) frequency of contractions (e.g., 3\u2009cycles\/min for the stomach); and (5) milestone relationship (e.g., pyloric passage must follow the end of gastric contractions). GE was determined first by the end of the 3\u2009cycles\/min rhythmic movement of the stomach and then again by pyloric expulsion on 3D location. Small intestine transit was taken as the duration from pyloric expulsion to arrival in the cecum. Colon transit time was determined by calculating the duration from 3D arrival in the cecum to passage of the capsule out of the body (i.e., loss of signal accompanying a bowel movement).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten healthy subjects (five women; mean age 34; mean BMI 24) were enrolled, and nine provided reliable data. The variation between the x\u2010ray and the estimated (i.e., identified by the MoPill\u2122 system) location of the capsule was within an average of 3.5\u2009cm (range 0.9\u20139.4\u2009cm). The mean GE was 3.1\u2009h. The small intestine's mean transit time was 4.3\u2009h. The mean colonic transit time was 17.6\u2009h. There were no adverse events recorded during the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>MoPill\u2122 is a novel gastrointestinal positional system that accurately identifies the location of a capsule compared to an X\u2010ray. MoPill\u2122 system also recognizes GE, small bowel, colonic, and WGTT as well as segmental gut location and movement characteristics. MoPill\u2122 offers the potential for new insights into GI motility disorders not attainable by current modalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T14:20:38Z","timestamp":1721658038000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MoPill a novel gastrointestinal positioning system (<scp>GPS<\/scp>): New technology to navigate the alimentary tract highway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1678-7269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Sarosiek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Internal Medicine  El Paso Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Espino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Internal Medicine  El Paso Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Lembo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6652-8049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard W.","family":"McCallum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Internal Medicine  El Paso Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03195.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01636.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01344.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01612.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.129973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2007.01061.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0899-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04162.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm.2012.18.1.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01543.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13829"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MarkEB PoulsenJL HaaseAM et\u00a0al.Ambulatory assessment of colonic motility using the electromagnetic capsule tracking system.2018;e13451. doi:10.1111\/nmo.13451","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01535722"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13107"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.14864","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T06:04:52Z","timestamp":1757397892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nmo.14864"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nmo.14864"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.14864","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-1925","1365-2982"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1350-1925"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-2982"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14864"}}