{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T12:16:08Z","timestamp":1778242568199,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our objective was to evaluate long\u2010term outcomes of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for children with functional and organic defecation disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a prospective study of children &lt;21\u2009years of age who started SNS treatment between 2012 and 2018. We recorded demographics, medical history, and diagnostic testing. We obtained measures of symptom severity and quality of life at baseline and follow up at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and \u226560\u2009months. Successful response was defined as bowel movements &gt;2 times\/week and fecal incontinence (FI) &lt;1 time\/week. Families were contacted to administer the Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory and to evaluate patient satisfaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 65 patients (59% female, median age at SNS 14\u2009years, range 9\u201321) with median follow\u2010up of 32\u2009months. Thirty patients had functional constipation (FC), 15 had non\u2010retentive FI (NRFI), and 16 had an anorectal malformation (ARM). The percentage with FI &lt;1 time\/week improved from 30% at baseline to 64% at 1\u2009year (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and 77% at most recent follow\u2010up (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Patients with FC, NRFI, and ARM had sustained improvement in FI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02). Patients also reported fewer hard stools (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). Bowel movement frequency did not improve after SNS. At most recent follow\u2010up, 77% of patients with a functional disorder and 50% with an organic disorder had responded (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). Nearly all families reported benefit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>SNS led to sustained improvement in FI regardless of underlying etiology, but children with functional disorders were more likely to respond than those with organic disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T04:19:12Z","timestamp":1721017152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Sacral nerve stimulation leads to long\u2010term improvement in fecal incontinence and quality of life for children with functional and organic defecation disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Candice K.","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Medicine  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyon","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Medicine  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilan J. K.","family":"Koppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seth A.","family":"Alpert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Diefenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neetu","family":"Bali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Center for Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Center for Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Desale","family":"Yacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Center for Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Di\u00a0Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Center for Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2768-3353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter L.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Center for Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Nationwide 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