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Participants included pre\u2010 and post\u2010menopausal women with DGBI and age\u2010matched men. Odds ratios estimated sex and age differences for symptom by sex or pre\u2010 vs. post\u2010menopause in logistic regression; standardized mean difference (SMD) provided effect sizes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>14,570 participants met criteria for \u2265\u20091 of the 5 DGBI. Women exceeded men in most symptoms. In FD, women stopped eating due to early satiety more than men (11.1 vs. 8.9\u2009days\/month, SMD 0.21). Symptoms were generally increased in premenopausal women and younger men compared to older counterparts; however, only premenopausal IBS, FD, and FC women reported increased constipation\u2010associated symptoms. Compared to premenopausal women, postmenopausal women had increased accidental stool leakage in IBS and FDr, and increased digital manual maneuvers in FC (18% vs. 25% frequency, SMD \u22120.25). IBS and FD had the most menses\u2010associated symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women had higher symptom frequency across the 5 DGBI compared to men. Our findings suggest that premenopausal women have greater visceral perception than postmenopausal women, although increased outlet symptoms in postmenopausal women indicate greater anorectal\/pelvic dysfunction. While age alone has some influence on symptoms, female sex hormones may also increase visceral perception.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T05:54:14Z","timestamp":1735883654000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Sex Differences, Menses\u2010Related Symptoms and Menopause in Disorders of Gut\u2013Brain Interaction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0797-3564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel P.","family":"Sarnoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine  California Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0078-3063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johann P.","family":"Hreinsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine  California Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7634-3689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ami D.","family":"Sperber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev Faculty of Health Sciences  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olafur S.","family":"Palsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shrikant I.","family":"Bangdiwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6800-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine  California Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: History, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features and Rome IV","volume":"0016","author":"Drossman D. 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