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However, GI MRI in animals typically requires anesthesia, which complicates physiology and confounds interpretation and translation to humans. This study aimed to establish GI MRI in conscious rats, and for the first time, characterize GI motor functions in awake versus anesthetized conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were acclimated to remain awake, still, and minimally stressed during MRI. GI MRI was performed under both awake and anesthetized conditions following voluntary consumption of a contrast\u2010enhanced test meal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Awake rats remained physiologically stable during MRI, giving rise to gastric emptying of 23.7%\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4% at 48\u2009min and robust peristaltic contractions propagating through the antrum at 0.72\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04\u2009mm\/s, with a relative amplitude of 40.7%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3% and a frequency of 5.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u2009cycles per minute. Under anesthesia, gastric emptying was approximately halved, mainly due to a significant reduction in peristaltic contraction amplitude, rather than the change in propagation speed, whereas the contraction frequency remained unchanged. Additionally, the small intestine showed faster filling and stronger motility in awake rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates the feasibility of GI MRI in awake rats and highlights notable differences in gastric and intestinal motility between awake and anesthetized states. Our protocol provides a novel and valuable framework for preclinical studies of GI physiology and pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T07:25:16Z","timestamp":1735629916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Gastric Motility in Conscious Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Xiaokai","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatimah","family":"Alkaabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Cornett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minkyu","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich M.","family":"Scheven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine R.","family":"Di Natale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0219-3438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John B.","family":"Furness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1999.276.2.G373"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102982.2003.00464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00332.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2023.3272521"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2017.2737559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13380"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2023.3234509"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"968","article-title":"Liquid Gastric Emptying in the Pig: Effect of Concentration of Inhaled Isoflurane","volume":"43","author":"Anderson D. 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