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Pannexin\u20101 channel participates in cell communication and extracellular signaling. Probenecid (PB) is a pannexin\u20101 channel inhibitor, which can be a potential treatment for intestinal ischemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Study the effects of ileal ischemia and reperfusion (I\/R) and PB treatment on myenteric neurons and in rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male Wistar rats were used for I\/R induction, the ileal vessels were occluded for 45\u2009min and reperfusion was performed after this time. The Sham groups underwent all surgical procedures without obstruction of the ileal vessels. Animals were euthanized 24\u2009h or 14d post\u2010I\/R. The PB group received an injection of PB post\u2010I\/R. Ileal segments were collected for immunofluorescence analyses to identify neurons calretinin immunoreactive (\u2212ir) and pannexin\u20101\u2010ir. Neuronal density (cells\/field), area (\u03bcm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), intestinal motility, and ultrastructural analyses were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pannexin\u20101 channel was double\u2010labeled with calretinin\u2010ir neurons. Neuronal density reduced by 21% reduction in calretinin\u2010ir neurons in the I\/R 24\u2009h group and recovered 26% in the PB 24\u2009h group. In the 14d group, there was a 23% reduction in calretinin\u2010ir neurons in the I\/R 14d group and a recovery of 26% in the PB 14d group. The analysis of the contraction after electrical simulation was lower in the I\/R 14 d group and recovered in the PB 14d.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intestinal I\/R affects myenteric neurons and causes morphological and functional changes. PB was able to attenuate the effects of I\/R and could constitute a therapeutic tool for intestinal I\/R.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T09:54:14Z","timestamp":1736157254000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Changes in the Pannexin Channel in Ileum Myenteric Plexus and Intestinal Motility Following Ischemia and Reperfusion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Thaira Thalita Alves","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina Eus\u00e9bio","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta Figueiroa","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos Ant\u00f4nio Ferreira","family":"Caetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrique Inhauser Riceti","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline Bures","family":"de Paulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ii Sei","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7475-5962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Castelucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"The Enteric Nervous System","author":"Furness J. 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