{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T06:30:59Z","timestamp":1775025059195,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Constipation is one of the most common non\u2010motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), which could manifest during the early stage of the disease. However, the etiology of constipation in PD remains largely unknown. Previous studies supported that gastrointestinal dysfunction may be associated with functional connectivity alterations in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential contribution of the PVN to the pathogenesis of constipation in a cohort of early\u2010stage patients with PD and to compare brain network organization between PD patients with and without constipation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 66 PD patients (PD with constipation and without constipation) and 30 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. All participants acquired T1\u2010weighted and resting\u2010state fMRI scans. Then we employed voxel\u2010based morphometry analysis and functional connectivity analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed a decreased functional connectivity in the PVN\u2010pontine tegmentum pathway in PD patients with constipation compared to the patients without constipation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095.37), while we did not find any changes in basal ganglia circuitry between these two groups. In addition, we found that the functional connectivity between PVN and pontine tegmentum was negatively associated with the UPDRS I, II, III and NMSS scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Meanwhile, these two types of patients also showed substantial differences in functional connections linking the inferior frontal gyrus and cerebellum with multiple brain regions. We discovered no statistical difference in gray matter volume among these two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study provides further insights into the dysfunctional mechanisms of constipation, suggesting that abnormal PVN functional connectivity may be related to the mechanism of constipation in PD. Meanwhile, the inferior frontal gyrus and cerebellum may be involved in the occurrence of constipation in PD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.15005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T12:15:01Z","timestamp":1737461701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Disrupted Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus Functional Connectivity in Parkinson's Disease With Constipation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongfei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan 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