{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T11:18:03Z","timestamp":1787829483996,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["853001114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["853001114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fecal incontinence (FI) is a chronic condition characterized by the involuntary loss of stool, significantly impacting health\u2010related quality of life (HRQoL) and imposing a substantial economic burden on society.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This bottom\u2010up, retrospective, cross\u2010sectional burden of disease study offers a comprehensive cost analysis of FI in a Dutch population sample. Utilizing the iMTA Medical Consumption Questionnaire (MCQ) and the iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire (PCQ), we analyzed costs over a 3\u2010month period from a societal perspective, which encompasses healthcare costs, out\u2010of\u2010pocket expenses, and productivity losses. Non\u2010parametric bootstrapping was applied to identify differences in costs between several subgroups of patients. Additionally, we assessed HRQoL using the EuroQol 5\u2010Dimension 5\u2010Level (EQ\u20105D\u20105L) questionnaire. Differences in HRQoL between subgroups were determined using the nonparametric Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cost and HRQoL data were collected from 80 FI patients aged 39\u201389 (82.5% female). The mean societal costs were \u20ac2424 per patient per quarter, of which \u20ac1572 can be contributed to healthcare costs. Notably, unemployed patients incurred significantly higher costs compared to employed and retired patients. No significant difference in costs was seen between subgroups based on gender, age, educational level, or frequency of FI episodes. The mean HRQoL score was 0.72 (SD 0.78). Younger and unemployed patients reported lower HRQoL scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates that FI negatively impacts HRQoL and has a considerable impact on societal costs, extending beyond direct healthcare expenses. Policymakers, healthcare providers, and employers should take these findings into account when designing management strategies and allocating resources for FI treatment and support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T08:42:31Z","timestamp":1743756151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Burden of Fecal Incontinence: Evaluating the Societal Impact in Terms of Economic Burden and Health\u2010Related Quality of Life"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8740-7916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sad\u00e9 L.","family":"Assmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Colorectal Surgery Maastricht University Medical Centre  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology\u2010Hepatology Maastricht University Medical Centre  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5717-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merel L.","family":"Kimman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Care and Public Health, Research Institute (CAPHRI) Maastricht University Medical Centre  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5445-4011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phanie O.","family":"Breukink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Colorectal Surgery Maastricht University Medical Centre  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9856-9980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Keszthelyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology\u2010Hepatology Maastricht University Medical Centre  Maastricht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. 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