{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:21:43Z","timestamp":1791357703727,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005977","name":"Kaiser Permanente","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gut\u2010directed hypnotherapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for irritable bowel syndrome, but prior studies have been small with variable delivery modalities. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis investigates the efficacy of gut\u2010directed hypnotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms and the impact of delivery characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched. Titles and abstracts, then full text articles, were screened for inclusion criteria. Studies were extracted and assessed for bias using the Cochrane Collaboration risk\u2010of\u2010bias tool. A meta\u2010analysis was performed to assess the impact of gut\u2010directed hypnotherapy on global IBS symptoms and pain. A sub\u2010group analysis was conducted to assess the impact of gut\u2010directed hypnotherapy delivery characteristics on IBS\u2010related outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twelve studies in 11 papers met inclusion criteria, involving 1158 patients with IBS. Eight studies provided continuous measures sufficient for meta\u2010analysis. On systematic review, all 12 studies found gut\u2010directed hypnotherapy to be superior to the comparator; nine were statistically significant. On meta\u2010analysis, gut\u2010directed hypnotherapy improved global IBS symptoms (SMD 0.73 [\u22120.09\u20131.55],\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      93%). Gut\u2010directed hypnotherapy with high\u2010volume delivery and gut\u2010directed hypnotherapy delivered in groups showed statistically significant improvement in global IBS symptoms (SMD 0.56 [0.29\u20130.83],\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      0%; SMD 0.41 [0.05\u20130.77],\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      61%). Gut\u2010directed hypnotherapy also significantly improved pain more than its comparator groups (SMD 0.25 [0.01\u20130.49], I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      17%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gut\u2010directed hypnotherapy may improve global symptoms of IBS. In particular, GDH improved pain symptoms compared to other standard IBS interventions. GDH delivered in groups was effective at reducing global IBS symptoms compared to standard interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T02:02:00Z","timestamp":1743818520000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Gut\u2010Directed Hypnotherapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Adler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma H.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison N.","family":"Ibarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eshandeep S.","family":"Boparai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Kaiser Permanente, Diablo Service Area  Walnut Creek California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun\u2010Yi","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California  Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quincy D.","family":"McCrary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California  Oakland California USA"},{"name":"Kaiser Permanente NCAL Regional Library Services  San Francisco California 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