{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:59:53Z","timestamp":1785304793494,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020406","name":"Dr. Falk Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020406","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic>Leuven Consensus<\/jats:italic>\n                      provides a classification scheme for the diagnosis of pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) motor disorders using metrics derived from pharyngeal high\u2010resolution manometry\u2010impedance (P\u2010HRM\u2010I).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010six experts with broad multidisciplinary backgrounds contributed their knowledge and experience to this initiative via a formal deliberative Delphi process. Guidance on a swallow assessment protocol as well as diagnostic criteria for UES dysfunction and pharyngeal contractile dysfunction is provided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For UES dysfunction, the stepwise evaluation of UES and intrabolus pressure metrics under increasing bolus volume and\/or viscosity conditions is used to confirm failure of manometric relaxation and opening of the UES region. For pharyngeal contractile dysfunction, the evaluation of contractile metrics is used to define pharyngeal hypocontractility or hypercontractility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These recommendations complement routine instrumental investigations and provide a standardized process, criteria, and nomenclature for P\u2010HRM\u2010I assessment of patients reporting symptoms of oropharyngeal dysphagia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T06:29:46Z","timestamp":1744180186000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Defining Pharyngeal and Upper Esophageal Sphincter Disorders on High\u2010Resolution Manometry\u2010Impedance: The Leuven Consensus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5108-7378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taher I.","family":"Omari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9326-2792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia C. F.","family":"Maclean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George &amp; Sutherland Clinical School UNSW Medicine  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3578-1137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"Cock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Flinders Medical Centre  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy M.","family":"McCulloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery\u2010Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1511-5321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nogah","family":"Nativ\u2010Zeltzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1293-501X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashli K.","family":"O'Rourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9812-8373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal M.","family":"Szczesniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George &amp; Sutherland Clinical School UNSW Medicine  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8137-9179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter I.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology St George Hospital  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3302-7045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0544-325X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoichiro","family":"Aoyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7885-2452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howell Henrian G.","family":"Bayona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences Fujita Health University  Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1354-2488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Carri\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme  Matar\u00f3 Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD) Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle R.","family":"Ciucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery\u2010Otolaryngology Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9873-8641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shumon I.","family":"Dhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Division of Laryngology UT Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9640-7427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaheen","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5503-0325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati Medical Centre  Cincinnati USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrine","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech, Language, &amp; 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