{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:05:12Z","timestamp":1790726712743,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are disorders of gut\u2013brain interaction (DGBIs). Patients with these disorders experience abdominal symptoms, frequently in relation to meal intake, and often are treated using pharmacological approaches that offer limited symptom relief. In addition to various pharmacotherapies, established treatment options include lifestyle modifications (such as diet) and, in certain patients, psychological interventions. Because of the limitations of the currently available treatments, many patients look for alternative options, including herbal preparations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this review, we summarize the preclinical and clinical evidence informing the use of the herbal preparation, STW 5\u2010II, for the treatment of patients with FD and IBS. Data from clinical trials provide evidence that STW 5\u2010II is superior to placebo in offering symptom relief. Moreover, a substantial body of preclinical data on the mechanisms of action of STW 5\u2010II suggests that its ingredients target multiple mechanisms relevant to pathophysiology and symptom generation that may underlie its beneficial clinical effects in patients with DGBIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:30:57Z","timestamp":1745541057000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Review of the Mechanisms of Action of the Herbal Medicine, STW 5\u2010II, Underlying Its Efficacy in Disorders of Gut\u2013Brain Interaction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Anita","family":"Annah\u00e1zi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Zoology Technical University of Munich  Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Efferth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Johannes Gutenberg University  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed T.","family":"Khayyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Human Biology Technical University of Munich  Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudrun","family":"Ulrich\u2010Merzenich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synergy Research and Experimental Medicine Research Group, Medical Clinic III University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6848-0125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Feinle\u2010Bisset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328515"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.0954"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12490"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318536"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32115-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8612991"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70012-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-1041-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00080.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.158"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00465"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14856"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.3808"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.472"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.851012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2020.1752181"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1594"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.06149.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.434"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00794-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14866"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-16142"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.01183.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2008.01249.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-963357"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-017-0578-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000076546"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.13054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000535672"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-32130"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.01859.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2006.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2004.00548.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14761"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01142.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14755"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","unstructured":"S. N. E.Allam \u201cActions of the Phytopharmacon Iberogast in Different Regions of the Gut. Dissertation'TU M\u00fcnchen. Dissertation TU M\u00fcnchen \u201d2014 https:\/\/mediatum.ub.tum.de\/?id=1231310."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000083718"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2008.01242.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2015.08.008"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","first-page":"545","article-title":"Antiulcerogenic Effect of Some Gastrointestinally Acting Plant Extracts and Their Combination","volume":"51","author":"Khayyal M. T.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arzneimittel\u2010Forschung"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2006.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.09355FP"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i39.5926"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153589"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15091121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00393"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14121234"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03337-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-012-1473-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1352668"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2004.00576.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118112"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2008.01232.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2015.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14301"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153221"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04031-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2009.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.07.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.2007012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0065-2571(84)90007-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/mp500210c"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/539475"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1988.tb00677.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90459-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910847"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.14.2.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X14666160324144154"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01136"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i39.14126"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00805"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1352387"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104367"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1546669"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2013.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21114152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112153"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2016.176"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmx009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.044834"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0115426506021004351"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12693"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b04611"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_105_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"The Effects of Variable Doses of Herbal Formulations on the Duodenal Mucosa\u2010Associated Microbiota From Subjects With and Without Functional Dyspepsia and Select Isolates of Duodenal Bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Schooth L.","year":"2022","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterology Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2006.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_107_1","unstructured":"EMA \u201cEuropean Medicines Agency (EMA) Homepage \u201d2025(accessed February 1 2025) https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/homepage."}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.70047","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nmo.70047","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.70047","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T04:14:52Z","timestamp":1769660092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nmo.70047"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nmo.70047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.70047","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-1925","1365-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-1925","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70047"}}