{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:44:14Z","timestamp":1780494254119,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The specific influence of whole gut transit time (WGTT) on microbiome dynamics and bile acid metabolism remains unclear, despite links between changes in WGTT and certain gastrointestinal disorders. Our investigation aimed to determine the impact of WGTT changes on the composition of the fecal microbiome and bile acid profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy volunteers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918) received loperamide, to decrease bowel movement frequency, and senna, a laxative, each over a 6\u2010day period, in a randomized sequence, with a minimum 16\u2010day interval between each treatment. Stool samples were analyzed for microbiome by shotgun sequencing and bile acid composition determined with high\u2010performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Sera were examined for markers of bile acid synthesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Senna or loperamide decreased or increased WGTT, respectively. Treatment altered stool characteristics, bowel movement frequency, and stool weight. The senna\u2010treated group had increased primary and secondary fecal bile acids; serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 19 were significantly reduced. Increasing WGTT with loperamide led to an increase in bile salt hydrolase genes, along with elevated bacterial species richness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). Thirty\u2010six species exhibiting significant differences were identified, several of which have notable implications for gut health. WGTT displayed negative correlations with total primary (particularly chenodeoxycholic acid) and secondary bile acids (ursodeoxycholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid). Treatment\u2010induced changes in microbiome composition and bile acid metabolism reverted back to baseline within 16\u2009days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whole gut transit time changes significantly affect fecal microbiome composition and function, as well as bile acid composition and synthesis in healthy subjects. This consideration is likely to have long\u2010term implications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T02:21:02Z","timestamp":1747794062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Changing Gastrointestinal Transit Time Alters Microbiome Composition and Bile Acid Metabolism: A Cross\u2010Over Study in Healthy Volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4896-4621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evette B. 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