{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:38:36Z","timestamp":1793036316923,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by recurrent visceral pain associated with low\u2010grade gut inflammation. Electroacupuncture (EA) at acupoint ST36 (Zusanli) is reputed to alleviate gastrointestinal disorders, but its effects on IBS\u2010related visceral hypersensitivity and inflammation remain to be fully elucidated. This study evaluated whether EA at ST36 attenuates visceral pain and modulates key inflammatory mediators in the IBS rat model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty male rats were randomly assigned to Control, IBS model, IBS\u2009+\u2009EA, and IBS\u2009+\u2009Sham groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910 each). IBS was induced by intracolonic acetic acid enema combined with daily restraint stress for 1\u2009week, validating the IBS\u2010D model. EA was applied at bilateral ST36 (2\/100\u2009Hz alternating frequency, ~0.5\u2009mA, 20\u2009min) every other day for 2\u2009weeks; sham treatment used superficial needling with no electrical current. Visceral pain was assessed by abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores and electromyographic responses to graded colorectal distension. Colonic tissues were analyzed for pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (interleukin\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1) by ELISA and for the expression of pain or inflammation\u2010related proteins (TRPV1 and nuclear factor kappa B, NF\u2010\u03baB) by Western blot analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IBS model rats exhibited pronounced visceral hypersensitivity, with AWR scores significantly elevated (e.g., score 3 threshold volume reduced by ~40% vs. controls,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). EA at ST36 markedly alleviated visceral pain, increasing pain threshold and reducing AWR scores by ~30%\u201350% compared to untreated IBS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). EA also significantly downregulated colonic IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels (by 45%\u201360% vs. IBS,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and reduced TRPV1 and NF\u2010\u03baB expression toward normal levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EA at ST36 produced significant analgesic and anti\u2010inflammatory effects in IBS model rats. Visceral hypersensitivity was blunted and colonic inflammatory biomarkers (cytokines, TRPV1, NF\u2010\u03baB) were suppressed by EA, suggesting that EA at ST36 modulates neuro\u2010immune pathways to relieve IBS\u2010related pain. These findings support the therapeutic potential of ST36\u2010targeted electroacupuncture for managing IBS visceral pain via inflammatory mechanism attenuation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T04:25:44Z","timestamp":1766118344000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Electroacupuncture at\n                    <scp>ST<\/scp>\n                    36 on Visceral Pain and Inflammatory Markers in\n                    <scp>IBS<\/scp>\n                    Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ya\u2010bo","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Jiaxing Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan\u2010lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Jiaxing Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010mei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Jiaxing Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Jiaxing Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing\u2010yu","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Jiaxing Zhejiang 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