{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T03:10:51Z","timestamp":1771038651335,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fennel\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        (\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Foeniculum vulgare<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        )\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      , a culinary and folk medicinal plant used worldwide in infantile colic, bloating, and indigestion, has scarce scientific evidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To explore its impact on gastric motility, guinea pig circular and longitudinal smooth muscle strips from the antrum, corpus, and fundus were mounted in an organ bath, and freshly brewed fennel tea was applied in concentrations from 0.78 to 100\u2009\u03bcL\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Changes in muscle tone, as well as amplitude and frequency of spontaneous phasic activity, were measured by force transducers. Treatment was repeated in the presence of the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX), the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N (\u03c9)\u2010nitro\u2010L\u2010arginine\u2010methyl ester (L\u2010NAME), and the nonselective store\u2010operated Ca2+ entry blocker SKF\u201096365.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fennel tea did not change the tone or contractile frequency in antrum strips but increased the amplitude of phasic contractions significantly and reversibly at the two highest concentrations in longitudinal and at all concentrations in circular preparations (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In the fundus and corpus, it induced a significant, reversible relaxation in both circular and longitudinal muscle strips at all concentrations (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). TTX and L\u2010NAME did not alter the effect of fennel tea (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). However, the relaxation was inhibited by SKF\u201096365 in both fundus and corpus (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fennel tea acts as a spasmolytic in the proximal stomach and as a prokinetic in the antrum, which supports its observed beneficial effects in gastrointestinal conditions like functional dyspepsia. The antispasmodic effect seems to be mediated by store\u2010operated smooth muscle Ca2+ channels, but the exact target needs to be further explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T04:01:17Z","timestamp":1762833677000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fennel Tea Has a Region\u2010Specific Effect on the Motility of the Stomach"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8707-8331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Annahazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Human Biology Technical University of Munich  Freising Germany"},{"name":"Chair of Zoology Technical University of Munich  Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Kuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Human Biology Technical University of Munich  Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lejla","family":"Ridzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Human Biology Technical University of Munich  Freising Germany"},{"name":"Chair of Zoology Technical University of Munich  Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nooshin","family":"Mansouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Zoology Technical University of Munich  Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Hosni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Zoology Technical University of Munich  Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Human Biology Technical University of Munich  Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2012.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.IJDR_185_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2011.627841"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.12976"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102702.2007.02093.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1668"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"The Effect of Fennel (\n                     Foeniculum Vulgare\n                  ) Seed Oil Emulsion in Infantile Colic: A Randomized, Placebo\u2010Controlled Study","volume":"9","author":"Alexandrovich I.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.252.ccm"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20524\/aog.2018.0304"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"940","article-title":"The Effect of Fennel Tea Drinking on Postoperative Gut Recovery After Gynecological Malignancies Operation","volume":"46","author":"Ma H.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao. 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