{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T16:50:33Z","timestamp":1788022233621,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity is implicated in the pathogenesis of disorders of gut\u2010brain interaction (DGBI). Technological advances enable more accurate investigation of ANS function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of wearable devices in monitoring autonomic and gastrointestinal (GI) function in DGBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search identified studies in adults with DGBI using wearables to assess heart rate variability (HRV), sleep, skin conductance, or gastric myoelectric activity as clinical readouts for ANS and GI function. The review provides an overview of available devices, while the meta\u2010analysis evaluates consistency in detecting differences between DGBI and healthy controls (HCs). Associations between autonomic function and GI symptom severity were explored. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and ROBINS\u2010I. Meta\u2010analyses used random\u2010effects models with standardized mean differences (SMDs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010six studies (3 RCTs, 33 observational) involving 3986 DGBI patients were included (HRV:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200916, sleep:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097, gastric myoelectric activity:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200914, skin conductance:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090). Meta\u2010analyses showed lower Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.503, SE 0.189, 95% CI [\u22120.873, \u22120.132]) and percentage of successive RR intervals differing by &gt;\u200950\u2009ms (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.430, SE 0.176, 95% CI [\u22120.775, \u22120.085]), reflecting HRV alterations in DGBI versus HCs. No consistent differences were found for other metrics, except normal gastric slow waves (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.722, SE 0.216, 95% CI [\u22121.146, \u22120.298]). Heterogeneous ANS\u2010symptom associations precluded definitive conclusions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wearables show potential for detecting altered ANS and GI function in DGBI, particularly via HRV. Result variability highlights need for further research to confirm accuracy and clinical utility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T16:05:16Z","timestamp":1768838716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Wearable\u2010Based Monitoring of Autonomic and Gastrointestinal Function in Disorders of Gut\u2010Brain Interaction: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analyses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3925-3523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fleur","family":"Veldman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology\u2010Hepatology, NUTRIM Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Center  Maastricht the 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&amp; GI Motility, Department of Gastroenterology University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9856-9980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Keszthelyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology\u2010Hepatology, NUTRIM Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Center  Maastricht the 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