{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:17:30Z","timestamp":1787015850658,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM089626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM089626"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AR080786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AR080786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL166337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL166337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited research has evaluated national medical expenditures associated with pediatric disorders of gut\u2013brain interaction (DGBI), despite the high prevalence of these disorders in children and their association with reduced quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from the 2017\u20132022 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) to estimate the individual\u2010 and national\u2010level outpatient, office\u2010based, prescribed medication, emergency room, inpatient, and other medical expenditures, and overall expenditures associated with pediatric DGBI. Pediatric DGBI included International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD\u201010) codes associated with irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, and other functional intestinal disorders (including constipation) among 40,067 individuals \u2264\u200918\u2009years receiving medical care in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After controlling for predisposing factors, enabling resources, and co\u2010morbid medical conditions, total per patient annual medical expenditures were $5217 (in 2022 dollars) for pediatric patients with DGBI\u2014an estimate that was $2587 greater than the estimated medical expenditures for children without DGBI. Incremental spending from DGBI patients versus patients without DGBI was highest for outpatient visits followed by office\u2010based visits, prescribed medications, and emergency room visits. Total annual medical expenditures for pediatric patients with DGBI were estimated at $2.08 billion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results illuminate the significant national medical expenditures associated with pediatric DGBI, suggesting the potential importance of early detection and effective treatment for pediatric DGBI and the need for future research to improve assessment and evidence\u2010based treatment for pediatric DGBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T10:08:38Z","timestamp":1772964518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["National Medical Expenditures Associated With Pediatric Disorders of Gut\u2013Brain Interaction in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4374-9949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayesha C.","family":"Sujan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6375-5756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janos","family":"Major","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Behavioural Sciences Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"Paediatric Pain Centre Bethesda Children's Hospital  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelius B.","family":"Groenewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Rabbitts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-2803.202202000-53"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2025.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14578"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14147"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181de0639"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.07.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14288"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020569"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) \u201cUsing Appropriate Price Indices for Analyses of Health Care Expenditure or Income Across Multiple Years \u201dhttps:\/\/meps.ahrq.gov\/about_meps\/Price_Index.shtml."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwaa244"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008\u20100227"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8110985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020\u2010042101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10081669"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620\u2010019\u201005605\u20107"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; 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