{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:45:49Z","timestamp":1790959549322,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006458","name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurogastroenterology Motil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Body surface gastric mapping (BSGM) non\u2010invasively assesses gastric myoelectrical activity along with real\u2010time symptom reporting. In adults, the development of normative intervals has underpinned new explanatory phenotypes, aiding clinical decision\u2010making. This study established normative reference intervals for adolescent BSGM metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Healthy adolescents aged 12\u201317\u2009years with a BMI \u2264\u200935\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      were recruited from New Zealand, Australia, and the United States. BSGM using Gastric Alimetry (Alimetry, New Zealand) involved a 30\u2010min fast, followed by a 480\u2010kcal meal, and a 4\u2010h postprandial recording. Reference intervals were calculated for four validated metrics: Principal Gastric Frequency (PGF), body mass index (BMI)\u2010adjusted amplitude, Gastric Alimetry Rhythm Index (GA\u2010RI, indicating rhythm stability), and the fed: fasted amplitude ratio (ff\u2010AR). Results were reported at the median and 5th and\/or 95th percentiles as appropriate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 107 participants (52.8% female, median age 14 [IQR 13\u201316], median BMI 20.1 [IQR 18.75\u201322.40]) with mixed ethnicities were included. No substantive correlations were observed between BSGM metrics and demographics or anthropometric data. Therefore, a single set of normative reference intervals was established. Median PGF was 3.06\u2009cycles per minute; reference interval 2.72\u20133.37. Median BMI\u2010adjusted amplitude was 37.80\u2009\u03bcV; reference interval 20.0\u201372.0. Median GA\u2010RI was 0.51; reference interval \u2265\u20090.22. Median ff\u2010AR was 2.12; reference interval \u2265\u20091.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Inferences<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study presents normative reference intervals for BSGM spectral metrics in adolescent populations, informing the interpretation of tests in research and clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:50:22Z","timestamp":1773291022000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adolescent Normative Intervals for Body Surface Gastric Mapping: Spectral Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2837-5707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gayl","family":"Humphrey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Alimetry  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4188-9614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Schamberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Alimetry  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binghong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3964-8086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicky","family":"Dachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alimetry  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9224-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daphne","family":"Foong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alimetry  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Division of Surgery Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher N.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alimetry  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayat","family":"Mousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armen","family":"Gharibans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Alimetry  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"O'Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Alimetry  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2024\u2010067677"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010020\u201000222\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272\u2010018\u20100287\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Rome IV Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders \u2013 Disorders of Gut\u2010Brain Interaction","author":"Drossman D.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14556"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14331"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1389671"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.06.05.25329082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. J.Wang D.Foong S.Calder et\u00a0al. \u201cGastric Alimetry improves Patient Phenotyping in Gastroduodenal Disorders Compared to Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy Alone \u201d(2023) medRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.05.18.23290134.","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-BSG.336"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016\u20105085(23)01027\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102265.2003.01903.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14235\/bs.2017.811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14491"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_543_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206436"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2024.113922"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201041645\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.1937"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572\u20100241.2000.02076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14419"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1999.0029900453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abq3544"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G.O'Grady C.Varghese G.Schamberg et\u00a0al. \u201cAn Initial Phenotype Set for the Assessment of Gastroduodenal Disorders With Gastric Alimetry \u201d(2023) SSRN: 102139\/ssrn4425865 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4425865.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4425865"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003646"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14812"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14823"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.70132"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.Ayubi C.Varghese M.Tanne et\u00a0al. \u201cBody Surface Gastric Mapping Parameters Are Associated With Response to Gastric Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy for Gastroparesis: Pilot Study \u201d(2025) medRxiv. Published online September 19 2025 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.09.18.25336055.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.09.18.25336055"}],"container-title":["Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.70282","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nmo.70282","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nmo.70282","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T13:22:04Z","timestamp":1780060924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nmo.70282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nmo.70282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.70282","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-1925","1365-2982"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-1925","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2982","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70282"}}